Clonemate cotransmission supports a role for kin selection in a puppeteer parasite
Clonemate cotransmission supports a role for kin selection in a puppeteer parasite
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1922272117
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发表时间：
2020-03-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Goater, Cameron P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Criscione, Charles D.;van Paridon, Bradley J.;Goater, Cameron P.
寄生虫操纵宿主是一个有趣的进化结果，但在这个流行的研究领域中，经常伴随着标志性例子的适应性情景是推测的。亲缘选择被用来解释由蚂蚁体内柳叶刀吸虫幼虫引起的基于利他的、操纵宿主的行为的进化。具体地说，幼虫克隆体从蜗牛第一宿主向蚂蚁第二宿主的共同传播被认为会导致蚂蚁大脑中的一种木偶寄生虫，该寄生虫在蚂蚁的腹部有克隆体。行为者(脑吸虫)和接受者(腹部吸虫)之间的克隆关系使寄生虫的宿主操纵特征能够进行亲缘选择，从而促进接受者向最终宿主的传播。然而，蜗牛的无性繁殖会导致同一只蚂蚁体内有大量克隆人的假说尚未得到验证。大脑中的操纵者和腹部的非操纵者之间的克隆关系也未经测试。我们提供了有关柳叶刀吸虫在其蚂蚁宿主内克隆多样性的经验数据。与其他吸虫不表现出同样的宿主操纵行为特征形成鲜明对比的是，柳叶刀吸虫有大量的克隆体。此外，我们的数据支持现有的理论，即即使在同一蚂蚁宿主内存在多个克隆人的情况下，利他行为也可以进化。重要的是，我们的分析最终表明克隆共同传播到蚂蚁中，因此，我们找到了对亲缘选择的支持，以推动这种标志性宿主操纵的进化和维持。
Host manipulation by parasites is a fascinating evolutionary outcome, but adaptive scenarios that often accompany even iconic examples in this popular field of study are speculative. Kin selection has been invoked as a means of explaining the evolution of an altruistic-based, host-manipulating behavior caused by larvae of the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ants. Specifically, cotransmission of larval clonemates from a snail first host to an ant second host is presumed to lead to a puppeteer parasite in the ant's brain that has clonemates in the ant abdomen. Clonal relatedness between the actor (brain fluke) and recipients (abdomen flukes) enables kin selection of the parasite's host-manipulating trait, which facilitates transmission of the recipients to the final host. However, the hypothesis that asexual reproduction in the snail leads to a high abundance of clonemates in the same ant is untested. Clonal relationships between the manipulator in the brain and the nonmanipulators in the abdomen are also untested. We provide empirical data on the lancet fluke's clonal diversity within its ant host. In stark contrast to other trematodes, which do not exhibit the same host-manipulating behavioral trait, the lancet fluke has a high abundance of clonemates. Moreover, our data support existing theory that indicates that the altruistic behavior can evolve even in the presence of multiple clones within the same ant host. Importantly, our analyses conclusively show clonemate cotransmission into ants, and, as such, we find support for kin selection to drive the evolution and maintenance of this iconic host manipulation.