Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education
Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education
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DOI：
10.3390/su12229402
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Brown, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McWilliam, Wendy;Wesener, Andreas;Brown, Robert D.
皮肤癌的发病率与过度暴露在阳光下有关，而且发病率越来越高。大多数人的接触发生在他们生命的前18年。虽然许多孩子被教导要戴帽子和涂防晒霜，但研究表明这些是不够的。我们迫切需要改进我们的景观设计，以减少暴露。景观设计师可以在推动这一过程中发挥关键作用，但前提是他们了解影响景观中儿童防晒行为的因素，以及如何针对这些因素进行设计。我们向新西兰的风景园林专业学生介绍了一种系统的循证教学方法，新西兰是世界上皮肤癌发病率最高的国家之一。在本文中，我们描述了我们用于将科学信息整合到创意设计过程中的方法，该过程包括四个设计阶段：(1)审查，总结和将证据理论转化为设计指南；(2)现有校园的清查与分析；(3)校园重新设计；(4)最终设计评价。我们发现这个过程在培养学生对通过设计改善防晒的需要的欣赏，增加他们对证据科学的理解，以及培养他们将通常难以获得的证据数据转化为其空间形式含义的能力方面是有效的。此外，这个过程在许多学生中引起了高度的信心和自豪感，因为他们最终的设计解决方案不仅有证据支持，而且往往具有很高的创造性。这种基于证据的设计课程对于培养未来的景观设计师设计显著降低皮肤癌发病率和健康影响的景观至关重要。
There is a high and growing incidence of skin cancer associated with overexposure to the sun. Most of a person's exposure occurs during their first eighteen years of life. While many children are taught to wear hats and sunscreen, studies indicate these are inadequate. There is a pressing need to improve the design of our landscapes to reduce exposure. Landscape architects can play a key role in driving this process, but only if they understand the factors determining sun protection behaviours among children in the landscape, and how to design for these. We introduced a systematic evidence-based teaching approach to landscape architecture students in New Zealand where the incidence of skin cancer is one of the highest in the world. In this paper, we describe the methods we used to integrate scientific information into a creative design process that included four design phases: (1) review, summary and translation of evidential theory into design guidelines; (2) inventory and analysis of existing schoolyard; (3) redesign of schoolyard; and (4) final design evaluation. We found this process was effective in developing student appreciation for the need to improve sun protection through design, for increasing their understanding of the evidential science, in addition to developing their ability to translate, often inaccessible, evidential data into its spatial form implications. Furthermore, the process led to a high degree of confidence and pride among many students as their resulting design solutions were not only supported by evidence but were often highly creative. Such evidence-based design courses are essential for preparing future landscape architects to design landscapes that significantly reduce the incidence and health effects of skin cancer.