OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN RELEASE IN THE OLFACTORY-BULB OF PARTURIENT EWES - CHANGES WITH MATERNAL EXPERIENCE AND EFFECTS ON ACETYLCHOLINE, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID, GLUTAMATE AND NORADRENALINE RELEASE
OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN RELEASE IN THE OLFACTORY-BULB OF PARTURIENT EWES - CHANGES WITH MATERNAL EXPERIENCE AND EFFECTS ON ACETYLCHOLINE, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID, GLUTAMATE AND NORADRENALINE RELEASE
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-8993(94)01236-b
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发表时间：
1995-01-16
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
KEVERNE, EB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEVY, F;KENDRICK, KM;KEVERNE, EB
母性行为和母羊识别小羊的能力取决于嗅觉线索和分娩过程，并受到母性经验的促进。分娩会引起大脑中多种神经化学物质的变化，尤其是催产素（OT）的释放。这种集中注射的肽诱导母性行为。催产素的释放发生在分娩时的嗅球（OB）中，但该结构参与了与羔羊的选择性结合过程。因此，本研究调查了OB中催产素释放可能调节在控制选择性识别中重要的经典递质的释放的可能性，以及母亲的经历是否对此有任何影响。我们首次使用体内微透析来测量OT的释放，以及相关肽，精氨酸-抗利尿素（AVP），在母体有经验和没有经验的母羊分娩时的OB。虽然分娩时初产和多产母羊的OT释放量显著增加，但多产母羊的OT释放量明显增加。两组AVP释放均无明显变化。然而，在产后6小时进行的阴道-宫颈刺激（VCS）在初产和多产母羊中引起了类似的OT增加，但没有AVP释放，这表明首次分娩经历增强了VCS在分娩后6小时内唤起OT释放的能力。采用反透析的方法，将OT （10 μ M）或AVP （10 μ M）分别注入多产和未产母羊OB，观察其对乙酰胆碱（ACh）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）、谷氨酸和γ -氨基丁酸（GABA）释放的调节作用。这两种多肽均能增加多产动物的乙酰胆碱和脱氧核糖核酸，而这种影响在未产动物中不存在或不太明显。在未产和多产动物中，OT也同样增加GABA的释放，而AVP没有。谷氨酸释放未因输注OT或AVP而改变。这些结果表明，分娩时OB释放的OT可能通过调节嗅觉记忆中最重要的NA、ACh和GABA的释放来促进对羔羊气味的识别。初产母羊分娩时OB中OT的释放减少，以及其调节NA和ACh释放的能力降低，也可能部分解释了为什么没有经验的母羊需要更长的时间来选择性地与羔羊结合。
Maternal behaviour and the ewe's ability to recognize her lamb depend on olfactory cues and parturition, and are facilitated by maternal experience. Parturition induces a variety of neurochemical changes in the brain and, in particular, oxytocin (OT) release. This peptide injected centrally induces maternal behaviour. Oxytocin release occurs in the olfactory bulb (OB) at parturition and yet this structure is involved in the process of selective bonding with lamb. The present study therefore investigated the possibility that oxytocin release in the OB might modulate the release of classical transmitters that are known to be important in controlling selective recognition and whether maternal experience has any effect on this. We have first used in vivo microdialysis to measure OT release, as well as that of the related peptide, arginine-vasopressin (AVP), in the OB of maternally experienced and inexperienced ewes during parturition. While OT release significantly increased in both primiparous and multiparous ewes at parturition this increase was significantly greater in multiparous ewes. No significant change of AVP release was observed in either group. However, vagino-cervical stimulation (VCS) performed at 6 h post-partum caused similar increases in OT but not AVP release in both primiparous and multiparous ewes suggesting that the first birth experience potentiates the ability of VCS to evoke OT release within 6 h of parturition. Using retrodialysis, either OT (10 mu M) or AVP (10 mu M) were infused into the OB of multiparous and nulliparous ewes and their effects on modulating acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release were monitored. Both peptides produced an increase of ACh and NA in multiparous animals and this effect was either absent or less pronounced in nulliparous animals. OT, but not AVP, also increased GABA release equivalently in nulliparous and multiparous animals. Glutamate release was not altered in response to OT or AVP infusion. These results suggest that OT release in the OB at parturition may facilitate the recognition of lamb odours by modulating NA, ACh and GABA release which are of primary importance for olfactory memory. The reduced release of OT in the OB of primiparous ewes at parturition, together with its reduced ability to modulate NA and ACh release, might also partly explain why maternally inexperienced animals require a longer period to selectively bond with their lambs.