Maximal oxygen uptake: ''Classical'' versus ''contemporary'' viewpoints
Maximal oxygen uptake: ''Classical'' versus ''contemporary'' viewpoints
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199705000-00002
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Howley, ET
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bassett, DR;Howley, ET
最大摄氧量的传统观点在很大程度上要归功于A.希尔，他在20世纪20年代在英国曼彻斯特进行了一项关于锻炼人的实验。Hill和他的同事提出，摄氧量（VO 2 max）有一个上限，这个变量存在个体间差异，并且VO 2 max受到循环和/或呼吸系统的限制。他们证明，氧摄取量随着跑步速度线性增加，但在某些受试者中，它最终“达到最大值，超过这个值就没有任何努力可以驱动它”，这种现象现在被称为VO 2高原。近年来，蒂莫西·诺克斯强烈批评希尔的最大摄氧量概念。他坚持认为，在一些受试者中没有VO 2平台证明氧气输送不是VO 2 max的限制因素。这种观点没有认识到，平台期不是心肺功能受限的主要证据。Noakes完全拒绝A. V. Hill的VO 2 max范式。他提出的另一种范式是，耐力表现受到“肌肉因素”的限制。Noakes认为，最好的长跑运动员具有使他们能够达到更高跑步速度的肌肉特征，并且由于跑步速度与摄氧量呈线性关系，因此间接的结果是他们将具有更高的VO 2 max值。这与最大运动量测试结束时VO 2 max和跑步速度之间的关系正好相反。诺克斯几乎没有提供任何证据来支持他的观点，而且他们与大量的科学证据相冲突，这些证据表明氧气运输是耐力表现的主要决定因素。在仔细审查了问题双方的证据后，我们得出结论，A. V. Hill的旧“经典”VO 2 max范式是正确的。
The traditional view of VO2max owes a great deal to the work of A. V. Hill, who conducted experiments on exercising man in Manchester, England, in the 1920's. Hill and colleagues proposed that there is an upper limit to oxygen uptake (VO2max), that there are inter-individual differences in this variable, and that VO2max is limited by the circulatory and/or respiratory systems. They demonstrated that oxygen uptake increases linearly with running speed, but in some subjects it eventually ''reaches a maximum beyond which no effort can drive it,'' a phenomenon now referred to as the VO2 plateau. In recent years, Timothy Noakes has strongly criticized Hill's concept of VO2max. He maintains that the absence of a VO2 plateau in some subjects is proof that oxygen delivery is not a limiting factor for VO2max. This view fails to recognize that the plateau is not the principal evidence for a cardiorespiratory limitation. Noakes rejects the VO2max paradigm of A.V. Hill in its entirety. The alternative paradigm he proposes is that endurance performance is limited by ''muscle factors.'' Noakes suggests that the best distance runners have muscle characteristics that allow them to achieve higher running speeds, and since running speed is linearly related to oxygen uptake, an indirect consequence of this is that they will have higher VO2max values. This is exactly the opposite of how the relationship between VO2max and running speed at the end of a maximal exercise test should be viewed. Noakes offers little evidence to support his views, and they conflict with a vast body of scientific evidence showing that oxygen transport is a major determinant of endurance performance. After carefully reviewing the evidence on both sides of the issue, we conclude that the older ''classical'' VO2max paradigm of A.V. Hill is the correct one.