Perchlorate, bromate, and chlorate in hypochlorite solutions: Guidelines for utilities
Perchlorate, bromate, and chlorate in hypochlorite solutions: Guidelines for utilities
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DOI：
10.1002/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11474.x
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发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Benjamin D. Stanford;A. Pisarenko;S. Snyder;G. Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Benjamin D. Stanford;A. Pisarenko;S. Snyder;G. Gordon
次氯酸盐溶液含有在制造过程中和制造后形成的卤氧化物，例如高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐。如果在次氯酸盐溶液的制造、运输和储存过程中不采取适当的控制措施来尽量减少此类卤氧化物的形成，则此类卤氧化物物质有可能污染成品饮用水。本文描述了次氯酸盐溶液中高氯酸盐的形成速率，并讨论了公用事业和制造商可以实施的一系列控制策略背后的化学原理，以最大限度地减少卤氧化物的形成和进入饮用水中。影响高氯酸盐形成的因素包括温度、离子强度、次氯酸盐浓度和过渡金属离子的存在。作者得出的结论是，通过适当的制造、储存条件和处理，可以最大限度地减少高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐的形成。然而，如果在次氯酸盐溶液的制造和储存过程中不小心，高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐的含量可能会超过饮用水中的健康准则。
Hypochlorite solutions contain oxyhalide species such as perchlorate, chlorate, and bromate that form during and after manufacture. Such oxyhalide species have the potential to contaminate finished drinking water if adequate control measures are not taken to minimize their formation during manufacture, shipment, and storage of hypochlorite solutions. This article describes the rate of formation of perchlorate in hypochlorite solutions and discusses the chemistry behind a series of control strategies that utilities and manufacturers can implement to minimize oxyhalide formation and introduction into drinking water. Factors affecting the formation of perchlorate include temperature, ionic strength, hypochlorite concentration, and the presence of transition metal ions. The authors conclude that with proper manufacture, storage conditions, and handling, formation of perchlorate, chlorate, and bromate can be minimized. If care is not taken during manufacture and storage of hypochlorite solutions, however, perchlorate, chlorate, and bromate levels can exceed health‐based guidelines in drinking water.