H. THE CHARACTER OF REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
H. THE CHARACTER OF REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
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H. 区域地理的特征
DOI：
10.1080/00045603909357333
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发表时间：
1939
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Hartshorne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Hartshorne
在过去三十多年的地理学发展中，人们对区域地理学的兴趣日益浓厚。在法国的维达尔和德国的海特纳、彭克、格拉德曼、帕萨奇等人的领导下，欧洲地理学家逐渐摆脱了对系统地理学的关注，这种关注是所有科学都强调普遍性的自然结果。同样，在这个国家，Barrows和Sauer的纲论性论文，尽管在其他方面存在分歧，但都同意强调区域研究是地理学的核心[208；2111. 尽管Pfeifer正确地指出了这两种在当今美国地理学中最有影响力的方法论陈述的相似性，但他高估了它们在决定美国地理学当前思想进程方面的重要性[109,96]。因为他们没有注意到，在很大程度上，就像该协会主席早期的方法论声明一样，他们只是“反映……美国地理观点”[94]。正如普拉特所指出的那样，当前运动的根源，特别是对小区域进行详细研究的倾向，可以追溯到第一次世界大战之前的地质领域课程和第二次世界大战期间的军事测绘。105既不可能也没有必要确定，甚至大致确定是什么力量或什么个人对这一发展负责。当然应该提到鲍曼作为美国地理学会的主任，对深入的区域研究所施加的影响[参见1961年]。其中最重要的可能是中西部地理学家团体施加的个人影响。可以允许补充的是，这种情况的一个合乎逻辑的推论可以从本协会会员的性质中找到。包括地理学家在内的其他领域的专家人数相对较多，这并不代表科学之间沿着实际边界线的正常重叠，而是表明地理学通过切断系统科学，在某种意义上包括了所有科学。
The development of geography during the past thirty-odd years has been marked by an increasing interest in regional geography. Under the leadership of Vidal in France, of Hettner, Penck, Gradmann, Passarge, and many others in Germany, European geographers gradually shifted away from the concentration on systematic geography, which had been a natural result of the emphasis on universals in all science. Likewise, in this country, the programmatic papers of Barrows and Sauer, however divergent in other respects, agreed in the emphasis on regional studies as the core of geography [208; 2111. Though Pfeifer is correct in noting the similarity of these, the two most influential methodological statements in current American geography, he over-estimates their importance in determining the course of current thought in American geography [109, 96 ff.] by failing to note the major degree to which, like the earlier methodological pronouncements of the presidents of this association, they simply “mirror... geographic opinion in America”[94]. As Platt has pointed out, the roots of the current movement, in particular of the tendency for detailed studies of small areas, reach back to geological field courses before the World War and military mapping during the War. 105 It is neither possible nor necessary to determine even approximately what forces or what individuals have been responsible for this development. Mention should certainly be made of the influence that Bowman, as Director of the American Geographical Society, exerted towards intensive regional studies [cf. 1061. Possibly most important of all has been the personal influence exerted by the group of Midwestern geographers lo41t may be admissable to add that a logical corollary of this situation is to be found in the character of membership of this Association. The relatively large number of specialists from other fields, included as geographers, does not represent the normal overlapping along an actual border line between sciences, but rather the fact that geography, by cutting through the systematic sciences, in a sense includes all of them.