Effects of agricultural intensification on the breeding success of corn buntings Miliaria calandra
Effects of agricultural intensification on the breeding success of corn buntings Miliaria calandra
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00542.x
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Cockayne, SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brickle, NW;Harper, DGC;Cockayne, SH
1.自20世纪70年代中期以来，英国和西北欧的玉米田飞蝇数量急剧下降;据信，农业实践的变化是部分原因。1995年至1997年期间，我们研究了西萨塞克斯郡南唐斯筑巢玉米buntings研究农业集约化育种成功的可能影响。7月，通过扫网对单个巢穴周围的无脊椎动物丰度进行了采样。在最大觅食范围内，玉米彩旗提供的雏鸟在草缘觅食比任何其他栖息地都多。其他使用超过预期的栖息地是春季播种的大麦，未强化的草和搁置。使用量低于预期的包括冬季播种的小麦和集中管理的草地。在觅食区，最常喂给小鸡的无脊椎动物比其他地方更丰富。无论是仅考虑农田还是包括所有觅食生境，其密度与杀虫剂施用次数均呈负相关.巢附近的无脊椎动物数量越少，离父母觅食的巢的距离就越远，这种旅行的持续时间就越长。雏鸟的体重，用跗骨长度校正年龄，与鸡食无脊椎动物的丰度呈正相关。鸟巢的生存概率与鸟巢附近大量的鸡食无脊椎动物呈负相关，这显然是由于捕食风险增加。英国的农业集约化，包括增加杀虫剂的使用，导致低地农田中鸡食无脊椎动物的可用性普遍减少。如果我们的结果是典型的玉米在耕地环境中，这种减少与减少育种成功。根据羽翼丰满的雏鸟和较年长的鸟的死亡率，这种减少可能导致了玉米地的减少，并可能阻碍恢复。增加无脊椎动物可用性的农业实践应该有利于繁殖玉米。大规模的措施，如留出土地和春播谷物（特别是在播种草的情况下），在很大程度上取决于总体农业政策。因此，小规模的举措可能更可行，其中包括提供草缘或甲虫库，以及有选择地喷洒海岬。
1. Corn buntings Miliaria calandra have declined steeply in Britain and north-western Europe since the mid-1970s; changes in farming practice are believed to have been partly responsible.2. We studied nesting corn buntings on the South Downs in west Sussex between 1995 and 1997 to examine the possible effects of agricultural intensification on breeding success. The abundance of invertebrates around individual nests was sampled by sweep-netting in July.3. Corn buntings provisioning nestlings foraged in grassy margins more than any other habitat relative to their availability within the maximum foraging range. The other habitats used more than expected were spring-sown barley, unintensified grass and set-aside. Those used less than expected included winter-sown wheat and intensively managed grassland. The invertebrates most commonly fed to chicks were more abundant in foraging areas than elsewhere. Their density was negatively correlated with the number of insecticide applications both when cereal fields only were considered and when all foraging habitats were included.4. The lower the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to nests, the greater the distance from the nest at which parents foraged, and the longer such trips were in duration. The weights of nestlings, corrected for age using tarsus length, were positively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates.5. The probability of nest survival was negatively correlated with the abundance of chick-food invertebrates close to the nest, apparently as a result of an increased risk of predation.6. Agricultural intensification in Britain, including the increased use of pesticides, has led to a widespread decrease in the availability of chick-food invertebrates on lowland farmland. If our results are typical of corn buntings in an arable environment, this decrease correlates with reduced breeding success. Depending on the mortality rates for fledged chicks and older birds, this reduction may have contributed to the corn buntings' decline and may hamper recovery.7. Farming practices that increase invertebrate availability ought to benefit breeding corn buntings. Large-scale measures such as set-aside and the spring-sowing of cereals (especially if undersown with grass) depend heavily on overall agricultural policy. Small-scale initiatives might therefore be more feasible; these include the provision of grassy margins or beetle banks and selective spraying of headlands.