Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Modulates Evoked-Gamma Frequency Oscillations in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Modulates Evoked-Gamma Frequency Oscillations in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
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DOI：
10.1080/10874208.2010.501500
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sokhadze E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baruth JM;Casanova MF;El-Baz A;Horrell T;Mathai G;Sears L;Sokhadze E
据报道，患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的个体对感觉环境和视觉感知异常有异常反应。电生理学研究已经提供了证据，即伽马带活动（30-80 Hz）是参与处理视觉刺激和整合刺激的不同特征的皮质细胞的共激活的生理指标。一些研究发现，在ASD的视觉处理的早期阶段，增强和不加区分的伽马波段功率;这可能与抑制处理减少和皮质兴奋与抑制的比率增加有关。低频或“慢”（≤1HZ）重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）已被证明通过激活抑制回路来增加受刺激皮层的抑制。我们想通过使用Kanizsa错觉图调查25名ASD受试者和20名年龄匹配的对照者的相对诱发（即~ 100 ms）伽马功率来检验ASD视觉处理早期阶段伽马波段异常的假设。此外，我们想评估12个会议的双边'慢' rTMS的背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）诱发伽玛活动使用随机对照设计。在个体与ASD诱发的γ活动是没有歧视的刺激类型，而在控制早期γ功率之间的差异是非常显着的目标和非目标刺激。在rTMS之后，ASD个体在相关和不相关视觉刺激之间的辨别性γ活动中表现出显着改善。我们还发现行为问卷的回答有显着改善（即，易激惹、重复行为）。我们提出，“慢”rTMS可能增加了皮层抑制音，提高了辨别γ活动在视觉处理的早期阶段。rTMS有可能成为ASD治疗中的重要治疗工具，并且在治疗ASD的核心症状方面显示出显着的益处，即使有副作用，也很少。
It has been reported that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have abnormal reactions to the sensory environment and visuo-perceptual abnormalities. Electrophysiological research has provided evidence that gamma band activity (30-80 Hz) is a physiological indicator of the co-activation of cortical cells engaged in processing visual stimuli and integrating different features of a stimulus. A number of studies have found augmented and indiscriminative gamma band power at early stages of visual processing in ASD; this may be related to decreased inhibitory processing and an increase in the ratio of cortical excitation to inhibition. Low frequency or ‘slow’ (≤1HZ) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to increase inhibition of stimulated cortex by the activation of inhibitory circuits. We wanted to test the hypothesis of gamma band abnormalities at early stages of visual processing in ASD by investigating relative evoked (i.e. ~ 100 ms) gamma power in 25 subjects with ASD and 20 age-matched controls using Kanizsa illusory figures. Additionally, we wanted to assess the effects of 12 sessions of bilateral ‘slow’ rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on evoked gamma activity using a randomized controlled design. In individuals with ASD evoked gamma activity was not discriminative of stimulus type, whereas in controls early gamma power differences between target and non-target stimuli were highly significant. Following rTMS individuals with ASD showed significant improvement in discriminatory gamma activity between relevant and irrelevant visual stimuli. We also found significant improvement in the responses on behavioral questionnaires (i.e., irritability, repetitive behavior) as a result of rTMS. We proposed that ‘slow’ rTMS may have increased cortical inhibitory tone which improved discriminatory gamma activity at early stages of visual processing. rTMS has the potential to become an important therapeutic tool in ASD treatment and has shown significant benefits in treating core symptoms of ASD with few, if any side effects.