Development and clinical application of sensitive enzyme immunoassay for macromolecular antigens--a review.
Development and clinical application of sensitive enzyme immunoassay for macromolecular antigens--a review.
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大分子抗原灵敏酶联免疫分析技术的发展及临床应用——综述.
DOI：
10.1016/0009-9120(87)90002-6
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
E. Ishikawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Ishikawa
放射免疫分析法是一种检测半抗原和抗原的有力工具，对疾病特别是内分泌疾病的调查和诊断具有重要意义。然而，在放射免疫测定中使用放射性同位素有严重的缺点。放射性同位素标记试剂不稳定，对健康有害。放射性废料的处理并不容易。此外，放射性同位素的检测限取决于半衰期，这也限制了放射免疫测定的灵敏度。最广泛使用的放射性同位素125l，其半衰期为60天，在无载流子的情况下，其检测限为5 ~ 10amol(1)。相比之下，使用酶具有明显的优势。有些酶非常稳定，只要选择合适的底物，就不会造成健康危害或废物处理问题。部分酶的检出限低于125l(1-5)，今后还将进一步提高。因此，酶免疫分析法可能比放射免疫分析法更敏感。本文综述了灵敏酶免疫分析法在大分子抗原检测中的发展和临床应用。
Radioimmunoassay has been a powerful tool to measure haptens and antigens which are important for the investigation and diagnosis of diseases, especially endocrine disorders. However, the use of radioisotopes in radioimmunoassay suffers from serious disadvantages. Radioisotope-labeled reagents are unstable and hazardous to health. The disposal of radioactive wastes is not easy. Furthermore, the sensitivity of radioimmunoassay is limited by the detection limit of radioisotope that depends upon the half-life. The detection limit of the most widely used radioisotope,125l, with a half-life of 60 days is 5 to 10 amol, when it is carrier-free (1).By contrast, the use of enzymes has obvious advantages. Some enzymes are very stable and cause no health hazards or waste disposal problems, provided that appropriate substrates are chosen. The detection limits of some enzymes are lower than that of125l (1–5) and will be further improved in the future. Therefore, enzyme immunoassay is potentially more sensitive than radioimmunoassay.This article reviews the development and clinical application of sensitive enzyme immunoassay for macromolecular antigens, which has been replacing radioimmunoassay.