Contrast sensitivity and the detection of moving patterns and features
Contrast sensitivity and the detection of moving patterns and features
复制标题
对比灵敏度以及运动模式和特征的检测
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Wiederman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. O’Carroll;S. Wiederman
基于视网膜最佳采样的理论已被广泛应用于眼睛光学水平的视觉生态学，并得到视觉行为的支持。这让人猜测，在这两者之间一定存在着额外的处理过程——在大脑内部。但很少有研究采用定量方法来评估这些神经通路中特定特征的可检测性。我们简要回顾了这种方法，重点介绍了昆虫运动处理的两条平行路径的对比灵敏度，一条用于分析宽视场光流，另一条用于检测小特征。我们进一步结合了图像模糊的光学建模和来自光感受器和对小目标敏感的高阶小目标运动检测器神经元的生理记录，以表明这些神经元在眼睛光学和单个光感受器噪声水平所施加的限制下正常工作。尽管如此，并且只能使用来自相邻受体的信息来检测目标运动的局限性，它们实现了与昆虫或脊椎动物的宽视场运动敏感通路相媲美的对比灵敏度——在任何动物中都是绝对最高的。
Theories based on optimal sampling by the retina have been widely applied to visual ecology at the level of the optics of the eye, supported by visual behaviour. This leads to speculation about the additional processing that must lie in between—in the brain itself. But fewer studies have adopted a quantitative approach to evaluating the detectability of specific features in these neural pathways. We briefly review this approach with a focus on contrast sensitivity of two parallel pathways for motion processing in insects, one used for analysis of wide-field optic flow, the other for detection of small features. We further use a combination of optical modelling of image blur and physiological recording from both photoreceptors and higher-order small target motion detector neurons sensitive to small targets to show that such neurons operate right at the limits imposed by the optics of the eye and the noise level of single photoreceptors. Despite this, and the limitation of only being able to use information from adjacent receptors to detect target motion, they achieve a contrast sensitivity that rivals that of wide-field motion sensitive pathways in either insects or vertebrates—among the highest in absolute terms seen in any animal.