Real world research : a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings
Real world research : a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
C. Robson
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作者：
C. Robson
前言。确认。使用这本书的方法。执行项目时的主要步骤。第一部分背景。写研究日志。第一章绪论。什么是真实世界的研究？设计很重要。评估和改变。这本书的读者。回到现实世界。开始旅程。第二章社会研究方法。介绍。后现代主义和极端相对主义方法。两种传统：定量和定性社会研究。定量范式。定性范式。范例和研究问题。务实的做法。多策略研究设计。现实主义和现实世界的研究。研究的目的。本章所涵盖的理论材料的实用价值。第二部分计划：选择策略。第三章发展你的想法。介绍。确定重点。检索和回顾文献。研究的问题。发展你的研究问题。理论的地方。第四章一般设计问题。介绍。研究设计的框架。对设计问题有感觉。选择研究设计策略。建立诚信。第五章固定设计。介绍。固定设计的一般特点。在固定设计研究中建立可信度。实验固定设计。真正的实验。准试验。单一大小写的实验。非实验性固定设计。固定设计中的样本量。第六章柔性设计。介绍。灵活设计的一般特点。定性研究的研究传统。案例研究。人种学研究。扎实的理论研究。其他的传统。灵活设计的抽样。在柔性设计研究中建立可信度。第七章多策略（混合方法）设计。介绍。质与量不相容论。混合方法运动。多策略设计的类型。多策略研究的设计与实施。实用主义、现实主义还是“一切皆有可能”？处理调查结果的差异。第八章特殊用途的设计：评价、行动和改变。介绍。评价研究。行动研究。干预和改变。研究人员和实践者。第9章伦理和政治考虑。介绍。道德准则和指导方针。伦理问题。研究人员的安全和风险。与弱势群体合作。一般道德责任。伦理审查委员会和委员会。政治和现实世界的研究。性别歧视和社会研究。第三部分策略：数据收集的方法。选择方法。第十章调查及问卷。介绍。设计调查。进行抽样调查。设计和使用问卷。日记。在调查和其他地方抽样。概率样本。Non-probability样本。第十一章访谈及焦点小组。介绍。面试的类型和风格。给面试官的一般性建议。采访内容。进行不同类型的面试。焦点小组。处理面试数据。面试技巧。第十二章测试和量表。介绍。测量尺度。其他缩放技术。使用现有的测试和规模。开发你自己的测试。第13章观察方法。介绍。观察现实世界的研究。观察的方法。参与观察。作为一个参与者观察者开始。结构化的观察。决定编码方案。使用现有的编码方案。制定自己的计划。编码行为序列。可靠性和结构化观察。第14章数据收集的其他方法。介绍。不引人注目的措施。文件内容分析。二次数据分析。介绍一系列更专业的技术。基于互联网的研究。女性主义研究方法。使用多种方法。第十五章撰写项目建议书。介绍。如何识别一个好的提案。研究计划的内容。预先指定柔性设计的问题研究。不成功提案的缺点。资金来源。第四部分：项目实施：安排可行性。在开始数据收集之前，要知道自己在做什么。谈判的访问。让自己有条理。如果可能的话，试一试。改善你的人际关系。不要在最后消失。别指望事情会像你计划的那样发展。第五部分处理数据。收集数据。分析和解释数据。现实主义分析和解释。准备分析。分析还是解释？定量和定性数据——以及它们在多策略设计中的整合。第16章定量数据的分析与解释。介绍。创建数据集。开始数据分析。探索数据集。探索两个变量之间的关系。探索三个或更多变量之间的关系。分析差异。定量分析与不同固定设计研究策略。第17章定性数据的分析与解释。介绍。定性分析的类型。使用计算机进行定性数据分析。处理大量的定性数据。主题编码分析。基础理论研究中的数据分析。定性分析的替代方法。在多策略设计中整合定性和定量数据。第十八章报告和传播。介绍。报告你的发现。道德和报告。报告固定的设计研究。科学期刊格式。报告灵活的设计研究。汇报多策略设计研究。报告案例研究。为非学术读者撰写的技术报告。可选择的展示形式。写作能力。附录A：使用专业软件进行定量分析。附录B：使用专业软件进行定性分析。术语表。参考文献和作者索引。主题索引。
Preface. Acknowledgements. Ways of using the book. The main steps when carrying out a project. PART I SETTING THE SCENE. Keeping a research journal. Chapter 1 Introduction. What is real world research? Design matters. Evaluation and change. The audience for this book. Returning to the real world. Beginning the journey. Chapter 2 Approaches to Social Research. Introduction. Postmodernism and extreme relativist approaches. The two traditions: quantitative and qualitative social research. The quantitative paradigm. The qualitative paradigm. Paradigms and research questions. A pragmatic approach. Multi-strategy research designs. Realism and real world research. The purposes of research. Practical value of the theoretical material covered in the chapter. PART II PLANNING: SELECTING A STRATEGY. Chapter 3 Developing Your Ideas. Introduction. Deciding on the focus. Searching and reviewing the literature. Research questions. Developing your research question(s). The place of theory. Chapter 4 General Design Issues. Introduction. A framework for research design. Getting a feel for design issues. Choosing a research design strategy. Establishing trustworthiness. Chapter 5 Fixed Designs. Introduction. General features of fixed designs. Establishing trustworthiness in fixed design research. Experimental fixed designs. True experiments. Quasi-experiments. Single-case experiments. Non-experimental fixed designs. Sample size in fixed designs. Chapter 6 Flexible Designs. Introduction. General features of flexible designs. Research traditions in qualitative research. Case studies. Ethnographic studies. Grounded theory studies. Other traditions. Sampling in flexible designs. Establishing trustworthiness in flexible design research. Chapter 7 Multi-strategy (Mixed Method) Designs. Introduction. The quantitative-qualitative incompatibility thesis. The mixed methods movement. Types of multi-strategy designs. Designing and carrying out multi-strategy research. Pragmatism, realism or 'anything goes'? Dealing with discrepancies in findings. Chapter 8 Designs for Particular Purposes: Evaluation, Action and Change. Introduction. Evaluation research. Action research. Intervention and change. Researchers and practitioners. Chapter 9 Ethical and Political Considerations. Introduction. Ethical codes and guidelines. Ethical issues. Researcher safety and risk. Working with vulnerable groups. General ethical responsibilities. Ethical review boards and committees. Politics and real world research. Sexism and social research. PART III TACTICS: THE METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION. Selecting the method(s). Chapter 10 Surveys and Questionnaires. Introduction. Designing surveys. Carrying out a sample survey. Designing and using a questionnaire. Diaries. Sampling in surveys - and elsewhere. Probability samples. Non-probability samples. Chapter 11 Interviews and Focus Groups. Introduction. Types and styles of interviews. General advice for interviewers. Content of the interview. Carrying out different types of interview. Focus groups. Dealing with interview data. Skills in interviewing. Chapter 12 Tests and Scales. Introduction. Measurement scales. Other scaling techniques. Using existing tests and scales. Developing your own test. Chapter 13 Observational Methods. Introduction. Observation in real world research. Approaches to observation. Participant observation. Getting started as a participant observer. Structured observation. Deciding on a coding scheme. The use of existing coding schemes. Developing your own scheme. Coding sequences of behaviour. Reliability and structured observation. Chapter 14 Additional Methods of Data Collection. Introduction. Unobtrusive measures. Content analysis of documents. Secondary data analysis. Introduction to a range of more specialist techniques. Internet-based research. Feminist research methods. Using multiple methods. Chapter 15 Writing a Project Proposal. Introduction. How to recognize a good proposal. The content of a research proposal. The problem of pre-specifying flexible design studies. Shortcomings of unsuccessful proposals. Sources of funding. PART IV CARRYING OUT THE PROJECT: ARRANGING THE PRACTICALITIES. Know what you are doing before starting the data collection. Negotiating access. Get yourself organized. Pilot if at all possible. Work on your relationships. Don't just disappear at the end. Don't expect it to work out as you planned. PART V DEALING WITH THE DATA. Collecting the data. Analysing and interpreting data. Realist analysis and interpretation. Preparing for analysis. Analysis or interpretation? Quantitative and qualitative data - and their integration in multi-strategy designs. Chapter 16 The Analysis and Interpretation of Quantitative Data. Introduction. Creating a data set. Starting data analysis. Exploring the data set. Exploring relationships between two variables. Exploring relationships among three or more variables. Analysing differences. Quantitative analysis and different fixed design research strategies. Chapter 17 The Analysis and Interpretation of Qualitative Data. Introduction. Types of qualitative analysis. Using the computer for qualitative data analysis. Dealing with the quantity of qualitative data. Thematic coding analysis. Data analysis in grounded theory studies. Alternative approaches to qualitative analysis. Integrating qualitative and quantitative data in multi-strategy designs. Chapter 18 Reporting and Disseminating. Introduction. Reporting what you have found. Ethics and reporting. Reporting fixed design research. The scientific journal format. Reporting flexible design studies. Reporting on multi-strategy design studies. Reporting on case studies. Writing for non-academic audiences - the technical report. Alternative forms of presentation. Writing skills. Appendix A: Using Specialist Software for Quantitative Analysis. Appendix B: Using Specialist Software for Qualitative Analysis. Glossary. References and Author Index. Subject Index.