Imperial resource management at the ancient Maya city of Tikal: A resilience model of sustainability and collapse
Imperial resource management at the ancient Maya city of Tikal: A resilience model of sustainability and collapse
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaa.2018.08.005
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Grazioso, Liwy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lentz, David L.;Dunning, Nicholas P.;Grazioso, Liwy
在一千多年的时间跨度中，提卡尔的古代玛雅政体经历了各种相互关联的规模的发展、重组和适应周期。最近的数据显示，随着前古典主义晚期的重组，蒂卡尔经历了一段较长的技术创新和人口增长时期，最终使现有景观的承载能力捉襟见肘。建造了一个水力系统，在旱季为社区提供水：在一个没有永久水源的地区，这是一个强有力的发展。农业集约化，采用了块根作物农业、灌溉田地、树木栽培、家庭菜园、短休耕种植制度和Bajo边缘种植。这些多样化的生产活动的净产品有助于在古典晚期为巨大的经济和政治资本积累提供支持。最终，在公元9世纪中叶，扩张的增长加上多种制度的混乱导致了城市社会结构的崩溃，随后该遗址被遗弃。将复原力理论作为概念框架的应用有助于解释导致蒂卡尔灭亡的潜在社会和生态领域的复杂网络。
Over the time span of more than a millennium, the ancient Maya polity of Tikal went through periods of growth, reorganization and adaptive cycles of various connected scales. Recent data show that following the reorganization of the Late Preclassic period, Tikal experienced an extended period of technological innovation and population growth that eventually stretched the carrying capacity of the available landscape. A hydraulic system was constructed that provided water for the community during the dry seasons: a powerful development in an area without a permanent water source. Agriculture was intensified using a combination of root crop agriculture, irrigated fields, arboriculture, household gardens, short fallow cropping systems and bajo margin cultivation. The net product of these diverse production activities helped to underwrite an enormous amassing of economic and political capital during the Late Classic period. Ultimately, in the mid-9th century CE, expansive growth combined with multiple system disturbances led to a collapse of the city's social structure followed by abandonment of the site. The application of resilience theory as a conceptual framework is useful in helping to interpret the complex web of the underlying social and ecological domains that contributed to Tikal's demise.