Advances in applications of the physics of fluids to severe weather systems
Advances in applications of the physics of fluids to severe weather systems
复制标题
流体物理学在恶劣天气系统中的应用进展
DOI：
10.1088/0034-4885/70/8/r01
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
18.1
通讯作者：
H. Bluestein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Bluestein
本文对强对流风暴的基本动力学作一综述。在大多数情况下，动力学描述的涡度和散度方程的援助下Boussinesq近似。解释了在不同垂直切变量存在下普通单体对流风暴的行为及其与地面冷池的关系。垂直剪切的传播中的作用，和旋转，超级单体进行了详细描述。本文讨论了冷池产生、浮力和环境垂直切变如何控制中尺度对流系统的结构，并描述了中尺度对流系统中涡旋产生的机制。基于实验室实验、模拟和观测的龙卷风风场，从与下垫面相互作用的涡旋动力学来解释。龙卷风形成的各种理论和评价。强调了未来使用数值模拟和新兴观测系统进行研究的途径。
This article is a review of the basic dynamics of severe convective storms. The dynamics are in most instances described with the aid of the vorticity and divergence equations subject to the Boussinesq approximation. The behaviour of ordinary-cell convective storms in the presence of different amounts of vertical shear and its relation to the surface cold pool are explained. The role of vertical shear in the propagation of, and rotation in, supercells is described in detail. How cold pool production, buoyancy, and environmental vertical shear control the structure of mesoscale convective systems is discussed and the mechanism for the production of vortices in them is described. The wind field in tornadoes based on laboratory experiments, simulations, and observations is explained from the dynamics of vortices that interact with an underlying surface. Various theories for tornado formation are presented and evaluated. Avenues for future research using both numerical simulations and new and emerging observing systems are highlighted.