Coordination and integration of metabolism in insect flight
Coordination and integration of metabolism in insect flight
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DOI：
10.1016/s0305-0491(97)00212-5
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发表时间：
1997-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Wegener, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Candy, DJ;Becker, A;Wegener, G
昆虫飞行是动物最耗能量的活动。它需要许多组织的协调和配合，神经系统和神经激素控制肌肉和脂肪体的性能和能量代谢，确保在整个飞行过程中为肌肉和神经提供必需的燃料。肌肉代谢可以基于几种不同的燃料，其比例根据昆虫种类和飞行活动的阶段而变化。章鱼胺在昆虫中充当神经递质、神经调节剂或神经激素，在飞行中发挥着核心作用。它存在于大脑、腹侧神经节和神经中，供应飞行肌肉等周围组织，并且其在血淋巴中的浓度在飞行过程中增加。章鱼胺在飞行过程中具有多种作用，可协调和刺激肌肉收缩以及能量代谢，部分通过糖酵解激活剂果糖 2,6-二磷酸激活磷酸果糖激酶。海藻糖是一种重要的肌肉燃料，由脂肪体从多种前体中合成，这一过程受到神经肽激素的调节。其他飞行燃料包括脯氨酸、甘油和酮体。讨论了这些作用以及在某些昆虫物种中可能的调节。 (C) 1997 爱思唯尔科学公司。
Insect flight is the most energy-demanding activity of animals. It requires the coordination and cooperation of many tissues, with the nervous system and neurohormones controlling the performance and energy metabolism of muscles, and of the fat body, ensuring that the muscles and nerves are supplied with essential fuels throughout flight. Muscle metabolism can be based on several different fuels, the proportions of which vary according to the insect species and the stage in flight activity. Octopamine, which acts as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator or neurohormone in insects, has a central role in flight. It is present in brain, ventral ganglia and nerves, supplying peripheral tissues such as the flight muscles, and its concentration in hemolymph increases during flight. Octopamine has multiple effects during flight in coordinating and stimulating muscle contraction and also energy metabolism partly by activating phosphofructokinase via the glycolytic activator, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. One important muscle fuel is trehalose, synthesized by the fat body from a variety of precursors, a process that is regulated by neuropeptide hormones. Other fuels for flight include proline, glycerol and ketone bodies. The roles of these and possible regulation in some insect species are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.