Murine Left Atrium and Left Atrial Appendage Structure and Function: Echocardiographic and Morphologic Evaluation
Murine Left Atrium and Left Atrial Appendage Structure and Function: Echocardiographic and Morphologic Evaluation
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0125541
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发表时间：
2015-04-30
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Guerrini, Uliano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colazzo, Francesca;Castiglioni, Laura;Guerrini, Uliano
本研究的目的是提供一个超声心动图协议的描述正常小鼠静脉水库（心房，附件和肺静脉），并探讨可能性，使用这种方法来区分左心房（LA）和左心耳（LAA）的变化，在应力诱导的模型，如美国心肌梗死。采用Vevo 2100型超声心动图对20例雌性C57 BL/6 N犬的左心室功能和静脉储血池进行了评价。还在10只CD-1和10只FVB小鼠中研究了LA和LAA，而在15只冠状动脉结扎的C57 BL/6 N中研究了修饰。评价左心室功能以及脉冲多普勒二尖瓣、肺静脉和左心耳速度。从2D视图获得单平面LA体积并测量LAA长轴。进行管型和免疫组织化学肉眼检查。结果表明，与人类相比，C57 BL/6 N小鼠的左心房（5.2 +/- 1.4 μ L）比左心室（53 +/- 8 μ L）小得不成比例，并通过一个大的LAA导管连接到三个肺静脉。左心房容量增加2倍，在水库有两个不同的阶段，早期和晚期分为一个短暂的停顿。左心耳长轴（4.1 ± 0.5 mm）几乎是左心房长轴的2倍。左心耳流量和左心耳储血容量约占每搏输出量的36%，其余由导管流量提供。线性回归分析显示，每搏输出量受左心耳血流、左心房早期充盈量和左心室基底下降的强烈影响。此外，我们还报告了在其他小鼠品系中评估LA和LAA的能力，并区分心肌梗死后的大小增加。总之，我们对小鼠左静脉储血器进行了完整的表征，建立了一个优化的方案，可用于需要快速和连续测定心脏结构和功能的调查和药理学研究。
Aim of this study was to provide an echocardiographic protocol for the description of the normal murine venous reservoir (atrium, appendage and pulmonary veins) and to investigate the possibility to use this approach to discriminate changes on left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) in a stress-induced model such us myocardial infarction. Global left ventricular function and the venous reservoir were assessed by a Vevo2100 in 20 female C57BL/6N. LA and LAA were also studied in 10 CD-1 and 10 FVB mice, whereas modifications investigated in 15 C57BL/6N subjected to coronary artery ligation. Left ventricle function was evaluated as well as pulsed Doppler mitral valve, pulmonary vein, and LAA velocities. From 2D view monoplane LA volumes were obtained and LAA long axis measured. Macroscopic inspection with casts and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results show that compared to humans, in C57BL/6N mice left atrium was disproportionately smaller (5.2 +/- 1.4 mu L) than the left ventricle (53 +/- 8 mu L) and connected through a duct by a large LAA and posteriorly to three pulmonary veins. The LA volume increased 2-fold during reservoir with two distinct phases, early and late divided by a short pause. LAA long axis (4.1 +/- 0.5mm) was almost 2 times longer than the LA. LAA flow volume together with LA volume reservoir account for about 36% of stroke volume and the rest was provided by conduit flow. Linear regressions showed that stroke volume was strongly influenced by LAA flow, LA early filling volume and left ventricle base descent. Moreover, we also report the ability to assess LA and LAA in other mice strains and discriminate size increase following myocardial infarction. In conclusion, we performed a complete characterization of murine left venous reservoir establishing an optimized protocol that can be used in both investigative and pharmacological studies requiring rapid and serial determination of cardiac structure and function.