COCAINE - PATTERNS OF USE, ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, AND SEVERITY OF DEPENDENCE
COCAINE - PATTERNS OF USE, ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, AND SEVERITY OF DEPENDENCE
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DOI：
10.1192/bjp.164.5.660
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发表时间：
1994-05-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
STRANG, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOSSOP, M;GRIFFITHS, P;STRANG, J
我们联系并采访了伦敦南部社区环境中的 150 名可卡因使用者。大多数人定期服用可卡因，但不是每天服用，而且剂量很大。使用三种主要给药途径：吸烟（40%）、鼻内（32%）和注射（24%）。注射者报告称，他们使用可卡因的频率更高、剂量更高、时间更长。尽管频繁且广泛地使用可卡因，但大多数样本的总体依赖性水平较低。全部样本中的三分之二 (66%)（以及吸毒者中的三分之二 (65%））报告说，在访谈前的一年中，只有轻微的依赖迹象。给药途径与依赖性的严重程度有关。注射可卡因与最高程度的依赖有关；鼻内吸食的水平最低，吸食快克烟的水平介于两者之间。可卡因的最初使用途径发生了重大变化，明显趋势是在第一次使用时不再注射。 1986 年之前首次使用可卡因的人更有可能通过鼻内或注射方式使用该药物。 1987 年之后首次尝试可卡因的使用者越来越有可能通过吸食快克来吸食这种药物。在这个可卡因使用者样本中，女性和黑人（主要是非洲裔加勒比人）受试者比之前许多英国研究报告的情况更为明显。
We contacted and interviewed 150 cocaine users in south London community settings. Most were taking cocaine regularly, but not daily, and in substantial doses. Three main routes of administration were used: smoking (40%), intranasal (32%), and injecting (24%). Injectors reported having used cocaine more frequently, in higher doses and for longer periods of time. Despite their frequent and extensive use of cocaine, the overall level of dependence was low for the great majority of the sample. Two-thirds (66%) of the full sample (and two-thirds (65%) of the crack smokers) reported only minor signs of dependence during the year prior to interview. Route of drug administration was related to severity of dependence. Cocaine taken by injection was associated with the highest levels of dependence; intranasal use was associated with the lowest levels, and crack smoking was intermediate between the two. There had been substantial changes in the initial route by which cocaine was used, with a clear trend away from injection on the first occasion of use. Those who first used cocaine before 1986 were more likely to have used the drug either intranasally or by injection. Cocaine users who first tried the drug after 1987 were increasingly likely to take it by smoking crack. Women and black (predominantly Afro-Caribbean) subjects were more evident in this sample of cocaine users than has previously been reported in many UK studies.