Regulating endangered species
Regulating endangered species
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监管濒危物种
DOI：
10.2307/1344571
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Swanson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Swanson
濒危物种
蒂莫西·斯旺森
在里约热内卢举行的“地球峰会”上，一个重要的议题是保护各种生物资源，或“生物多样性”。到目前为止，对濒危物种的管制一直是基于这样一个前提，即过度开发是主要问题。这一诊断导致了广泛的尝试，通过禁止贸易和消费濒危物种的产品来“破坏”对野生动物的需求。
这种方法忽略了问题的根本原因。陆地物种争夺土地;土地利用主要反映了人类对其分配的决定。甚至过度开发也是人类分配决定的结果;被过度开发的物种是那些社会选择不投资于其管理的物种。因此，生存下来的物种是人类选择投资的物种，而灭绝则应被解释为对物种或其辅助资源（栖息地管理）的投资减少。贸易禁令并没有解决灭绝的根本原因。该文件阐述了如何建设性地管理需求，以鼓励对濒危物种的持续投资。
Endangered species
Timothy Swanson
One important issue at the ‘Earth Summit’ in Rio de Janeiro was the preservation of diverse biological resources, or ‘biodiversity’. To date the regulation of endangered species has been based on the premise that over exploitation is the principal problem. This diagnosis has led to a wide range of attempts to ‘destroy demand’ for wildlife, by means of bans on trade and consumption of the products of endangered species.
This approach misses the fundamental cause of the problem. Terrestrial species compete for land; land use primarily reflects human decisions about its allocation. Even over exploitation is the result of human allocation decisions; species that are overexploited are those for which society chooses not to invest in their management. Species that survive are thus those in which humans chose to invest, whilst extinction should be interpreted as disinvestment in species or their ancillary resources (habitat management). Trade bans do not address this fundamental cause of extinction. The paper sets out how demand should be constructively managed to encourage continuing investment in endangered species.