A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and scatterometer satellite data
A blended global snow product using visible, passive microwave and scatterometer satellite data
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DOI：
10.1080/01431160903548013
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. Foster;D. Hall;J. Eylander;G. Riggs;S. Nghiem;M. Tedesco;Edward J. Kim;P. Montesano;R. Kelly-R.-Kel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Foster;D. Hall;J. Eylander;G. Riggs;S. Nghiem;M. Tedesco;Edward J. Kim;P. Montesano;R. Kelly-R.-Kel
美国空军/美国国家航空航天局（NASA）联合开发了一种全球雪产品，该产品使用地球观测系统中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS），地球观测系统高级微波扫描辐射计（AMSR-E）和快速散射仪（QuikSCAT或QSCAT）数据。通过使用新开发的空军气象局（AFWA）/NASA雪算法（ANSA），来自这些传感器的现有雪产品已被混合成一个单一的，全球的，日常的，用户友好的产品。这种最初的混合雪产品使用最小的建模，以迅速产生改进的雪产品，其中包括，或将包括，积雪覆盖范围，部分积雪，雪水当量（SWE），融雪的开始和积极融化积雪的识别。混合雪产品目前的分辨率为25公里。这些产品的验证与数据从较低的五大湖地区的美国，从科罗拉多在寒冷的土地过程实验（CLPX），并从芬兰。AMSR-E产品在探测云层中的雪时特别有用;然而，被动微波数据会错过积雪较薄地区的雪，例如沿着大陆雪线的边缘，以及落基山脉的背风面。在这些地区，中分辨率成像分光仪产品可以绘制无云条件下的浅雪覆盖图。当有无云MODIS观测数据时，使用MODIS产品绘制积雪范围的置信度比使用微波产品更高。因此，MODIS产品被用作探测积雪的默认值。被动微波产品仅在由于云层和黑暗而无法使用中分辨率成像分光仪数据的地区作为默认值使用。AMSR-E雪产品与上升和下降卫星通道之间的差异或日幅度变化（DAV）一起使用，以检测融化的开始，QSCAT产品将用于绘制正在融化的雪区。
A joint US Air Force/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) blended global snow product that uses Earth Observation System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT or QSCAT) data has been developed. Existing snow products derived from these sensors have been blended into a single, global, daily, user-friendly product by using a newly developed Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA)/NASA Snow Algorithm (ANSA). This initial blended snow product uses minimal modelling to expeditiously yield improved snow products, which include, or will include, snow-cover extent, fractional snow cover, snow water equivalent (SWE), onset of snowmelt and identification of actively melting snow cover. The blended snow products are currently 25-km resolution. These products are validated with data from the lower Great Lakes region of the USA, from Colorado obtained during the Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX), and from Finland. The AMSR-E product is especially useful in detecting snow through clouds; however, passive microwave data miss snow in those regions where the snow cover is thin, along the margins of the continental snowline, and on the lee side of the Rocky Mountains, for instance. In these regions, the MODIS product can map shallow snow cover under cloud-free conditions. The confidence for mapping snow-cover extent is greater with the MODIS product than with the microwave product when cloud-free MODIS observations are available. Therefore, the MODIS product is used as the default for detecting snow cover. The passive microwave product is used as the default only in those areas where MODIS data are not applicable due to the presence of clouds and darkness. The AMSR-E snow product is used in association with the difference between ascending and descending satellite passes or diurnal-amplitude variations (DAV) to detect the onset of melt, and a QSCAT product will be used to map areas of snow that are actively melting.