The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates

The Role of Xylem Parenchyma in the Storage and Utilization of Nonstructural Carbohydrates
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木质部薄壁组织在非结构碳水化合物储存和利用中的作用

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-319-15783-2_8
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Jansen S.
Jansen S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Plavcová L;Jansen S.

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射线薄壁细胞和轴向薄壁细胞是几乎所有木本植物次生木质部的固有组成部分。在裸子植物中,木材薄壁组织的比例通常在5%至10%之间,在被子植物中则在20%至40%之间。然而,在一些被子植物中,特别是在热带地区,可以发现更高的比例。木质部薄壁组织在贮藏中的作用经常被强调,非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)代表了最丰富的储备。边材中NSC的浓度在不同树种和不同木本器官(根、干、枝)之间存在较大差异。我们有理由认为,NSC的储存潜力与木材中射线和轴向薄壁组织的数量呈正相关。Sapwood NSC在整个赛季中表现出复杂的动态。NSC浓度的这种时间变化及其向淀粉和可溶性糖的分配与射线和轴向薄壁细胞的生理活动密切相关。在本章中,我们回顾了我们目前对射线和轴向薄壁组织解剖学和生理学变化的了解,并将其与木材中的NSC动力学联系起来。更好地了解由薄壁结构和生理驱动的NSC积累模式,有助于估算森林中NSC的总库,并预测其在变化的环境条件下的动态。此外,这种合成可以帮助阐明具有高与低木材薄壁组织含量相关的潜在优势。
Ray and axial parenchyma cells are inherent components of secondary xylem in almost all woody plants. The proportion of wood parenchyma ranges typically between 5 and 10 % in gymnosperms and between 20 and 40 % in angiosperms. However, even higher proportions can be found in some angiosperms, particularly in the tropics. The role of xylem parenchyma in storage is often highlighted, with nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) representing the most abundant reserves.The NSC concentration in sapwood exhibits large differences across tree species and between different woody organs (roots, trunks, and branches). It is reasonable to expect that the potential to store NSC scales positively with the amount of ray and axial parenchyma in wood. Sapwood NSC exhibit complex dynamics throughout the season. This temporal variation in NSC concentration and their partitioning into starch and soluble sugars is closely tied to the physiological activity of ray and axial parenchyma cells.In this chapter, we review our current knowledge of variation in ray and axial parenchyma anatomy and physiology and link it with NSC dynamics in wood. A better understanding of NSC accumulation patterns as driven by the parenchyma structure and physiology can be useful for estimating the total pool of NSC stored in forests and for predicting its dynamics under changing environmental conditions. Moreover, such synthesis can help to elucidate potential advantages associated with having high versus low wood parenchyma content.
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1942
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影响因子: 7.4
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