Bioethics and Human Rights Issues of Indigenous Peoples in Japan, with Particular Focus on the Ainu
Bioethics and Human Rights Issues of Indigenous Peoples in Japan, with Particular Focus on the Ainu
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日本原住民的生命伦理和人权问题，特别关注阿伊努人
DOI：
10.1142/9781786348579_0004
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
and Yasuhiro Kadooka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taketoshi Okita;Atsushi Asai;Masashi Tanaka;and Yasuhiro Kadooka
两个土著民族，阿伊努人和冲绳人，居住在日本。前者住在最北端，后者住在最南端。在这篇文章中，我们介绍了歧视阿伊努人的历史和当代问题，并考虑了与他们相关的生物伦理问题。首先，我们指的是日本反对阿伊努人的悠久历史。阿伊努人长期遭受严重的歧视和侵犯人权行为，包括剥夺他们的民族自治权和传统居住地；谋杀；强迫同化、劳动和移民；强迫儿童撤离；以及他们的语言、文化、宗教、传统和习俗遭到破坏和丧失。其次，我们考虑使用日本的Ainu进行研究。在科学的名义下，包括骨相学在内，在没有通知活着的阿伊努人或获得他们的许可的情况下，对阿伊努人的遗骸进行了广泛的挖掘。阿伊努人在这些研究活动中完全被客观化了。目前，日本12所大学存放着1600多具爱奴祖先遗骸。最后，我们考虑如何防止多数族裔群体对土著人民的不道德行为和态度，包括未来可能歧视和客观化其他人的研究。
Two Indigenous peoples, the Ainu and the Okinawans, reside in Japan. The former live in the northernmost part and the latter live in the southernmost. In this paper, we present the history of and contemporary issues surrounding discrimination against the Ainu, and consider bioethical issues pertinent to them. First, we refer to a long history of opposition toward the Ainu in Japan. The Ainu have suffered serious long-term discrimination and human rights violations, including the deprivation of their ethnic autonomy and traditional residence; murder; forced assimilation, labor, and migration; compulsory withdrawal of children; and destruction and loss of their language, culture, religion, traditions, and customs. Second, we consider research using the Ainu in Japan. In the name of science, including phrenology, extensive excavations of Ainu’s human remains had occurred without informing living Ainu residents or obtaining their permission. The Ainu people were completely objectified in these research activities. Currently, over 1600 Ainu ancestral remains are stored in twelve Japanese universities. Finally, we consider how we might prevent majority ethnic groups from unethical behaviors and attitudes toward Indigenous peoples, including future research studies that may discriminate and objectify other human beings.