Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience
Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2016.0371
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发表时间：
2017-05-26
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Blake, Isobel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cori, Anne;Donnelly, Christl A.;Blake, Isobel M.
在发现传染病暴发后，快速流行病学评估对于指导有效的公共卫生应对至关重要。要了解疫情的传播动态和潜在影响，需要几种类型的数据。在此，我们根据在西非埃博拉疫情和以前新出现的传染病疫情中获得的经验，制定了一份所需数据清单，以便：(1)量化严重程度和传染性；(2)描述传播的异质性及其决定因素；(3)评估不同干预措施的有效性。我们将数据需求区分为个人层面的数据（例如，报告病例的详细清单）、暴露数据（例如，确定病例可能在何处/如何被感染）和人口层面的数据（例如，受影响人口的规模/人口统计数据以及何时/何地实施干预措施）。在西非埃博拉疫情期间，收集了大量的个人层面和暴露数据，从而可以对(1)和(2)进行评估。然而，人口水平数据的差距（特别是围绕何时何地实施干预措施）对(3)的评估构成了挑战。在这里，我们强调反复出现的数据问题，提出解决这些问题的实际建议，并讨论在未来疫情中改进数据收集的优先事项。本文是主题“2013-2016年西非埃博拉疫情：数据、决策和疾病控制”的一部分。
Following the detection of an infectious disease outbreak, rapid epidemiological assessment is critical for guiding an effective public health response. To understand the transmission dynamics and potential impact of an outbreak, several types of data are necessary. Here we build on experience gained in the West African Ebola epidemic and prior emerging infectious disease outbreaks to set out a checklist of data needed to: (1) quantify severity and transmissibility; (2) characterize heterogeneities in transmission and their determinants; and (3) assess the effectiveness of different interventions. We differentiate data needs into individual-level data (e.g. a detailed list of reported cases), exposure data (e.g. identifying where/how cases may have been infected) and population-level data (e.g. size/demographics of the population(s) affected and when/where interventions were implemented). A remarkable amount of individual-level and exposure data was collected during the West African Ebola epidemic, which allowed the assessment of (1) and (2). However, gaps in population-level data (particularly around which interventions were applied when and where) posed challenges to the assessment of (3). Here we highlight recurrent data issues, give practical suggestions for addressing these issues and discuss priorities for improvements in data collection in future outbreaks.This article is part of the themed issue 'The 2013-2016 West African Ebola epidemic: data, decision-making and disease control'.