Visible and Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Mental Health: Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Anticipated Stigma.
Visible and Concealable Stigmatized Identities and Mental Health: Experiences of Racial Discrimination and Anticipated Stigma.
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DOI：
10.1037/sah0000210
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发表时间：
2020-11
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Williams MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quinn DM;Camacho G;Pan-Weisz B;Williams MK
由于拥有可见的（例如，种族）或可隐藏的（例如，精神疾病）被污名化的身份与心理困扰的增加有关。然而，很少有研究探讨经历和预期的歧视是否与拥有可见和可隐藏的污名化身份有关（例如，有精神病史的少数种族/族裔）影响心理健康。在目前的研究中，我们测试了两个假设。首先，我们研究是否经历过由于明显的耻辱（种族/民族）和预期的耻辱，由于一个隐藏的耻辱（例如，物质滥用）每一个都预测了抑郁症的独特变异。在第二，我们研究是否经历了歧视，由于一个明显的耻辱是相关的更大的预期耻辱的一个隐藏的耻辱，这反过来又与更多的抑郁症。共有265名非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔成年人谁报告隐瞒污名化的身份，至少有一段时间完成的措施，种族/民族歧视，预期的耻辱，一个可隐藏的污名化的身份，抑郁症。同时线性回归的结果显示，增加种族/民族歧视和预期的耻辱独立预测更大的抑郁症（控制对方）。中介分析表明，增加种族/民族歧视和更高的抑郁症之间的正相关部分介导的更大的预期耻辱。这些结果表明，一个人可以从多种类型的耻辱分别经历增加的心理痛苦，但也可能预期更大的耻辱基于以前的种族歧视的经验，这反过来又涉及到增加的痛苦。
Experiencing and anticipating discrimination because one possesses a visible (e.g., race) or concealable (e.g., mental illness) stigmatized identity has been related to increased psychological distress. Little research, however, has examined whether experiencing and anticipating discrimination related to possessing both a visible and concealable stigmatized identity (e.g., a racial/ethnic minority with a history of mental illness) impacts mental health. In the current study, we test two hypotheses. In the first, we examine whether experienced discrimination due to a visible stigma (race/ethnicity) and anticipating stigma due to a concealable stigma (e.g., substance abuse) each predict unique variance in depressive symptomatology. In the second, we examine whether experienced discrimination due to a visible stigma is related to greater anticipated stigma for a concealable stigma, which in turn is related to more depression. A total of 265 African American and Latinx adults who reported concealing a stigmatized identity at least some of the time completed measures of racial/ethnic discrimination, anticipated stigma of a concealable stigmatized identity, and depressive symptomatology. Results of a simultaneous linear regression revealed that increased racial/ethnic discrimination and anticipated stigma independently predicted greater depressive symptomatology (controlling for each other). A mediation analysis showed that the positive association between increased racial/ethnic discrimination and higher depressive symptomatology was partially mediated by greater anticipated stigma. These results demonstrate that a person can experience increased psychological distress from multiple types of stigma separately, but also may anticipate greater stigma based on previous experiences of racial discrimination, which in turn relates to increased distress.
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