Bedrock Vadose Zone Storage Dynamics Under Extreme Drought: Consequences for Plant Water Availability, Recharge, and Runoff

Bedrock Vadose Zone Storage Dynamics Under Extreme Drought: Consequences for Plant Water Availability, Recharge, and Runoff
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极端干旱下基岩渗流带存储动态:对植物水可用性、补给和径流的影响

DOI:
10.1029/2021wr031781
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Schmidt, L.
Schmidt, L.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hahm, W. J.;Dralle, D. N.;Sanders, M.;Bryk, A. B.;Fauria, K. E.;Huang, M. H.;Hudson‐Rasmussen, B.;Nelson, M. D.;Pedrazas, M. A.;Schmidt, L.

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基岩包气带储水量(即,岩石水分)动态很少观察到,但可能是了解干旱反应的关键。利用钻孔网络在地中海蓝橡树稀树草原网站-Rancho Venada,我们记录了如何在深风化基岩剖面的储水能力调节木本植物水的可用性和地下水补给。该场地位于北方加州海岸山脉的陡倾浊积岩中。在潮湿的一年(2019年的水年; 647毫米的降水量),岩石水分迅速补充到一个特征的存储容量,补充地下水,出现在泉水,产生径流。在随后的无雨的夏季生长季节,岩石水分消耗了约93毫米。在随后的两个干旱年份(212和121毫米的降水量),每年冬天获得的岩石水分总量分别约为54和20毫米,并记录了超过这些数量的下降,导致岩石水分含量逐渐降低。扎根于基岩的橡树在干旱中表现出水分胁迫的迹象,包括蒸腾速率降低和极低的水势。在2020-2021年的干旱中,降水量没有超过蓄水量,导致地下水储量变化,植物水分胁迫加剧,没有补给或径流。岩石水分赤字(而不是土壤水分赤字)解释这些反应。
Bedrock vadose zone water storage (i.e., rock moisture) dynamics are rarely observed but potentially key to understanding drought responses. Exploiting a borehole network at a Mediterranean blue oak savanna site—Rancho Venada—we document how water storage capacity in deeply weathered bedrock profiles regulates woody plant water availability and groundwater recharge. The site is in the Northern California Coast Range within steeply dipping turbidites. In a wet year (water year 2019; 647 mm of precipitation), rock moisture was quickly replenished to a characteristic storage capacity, recharging groundwater that emerged at springs to generate streamflow. In the subsequent rainless summer growing season, rock moisture was depleted by about 93 mm. In two drought years that followed (212 and 121 mm of precipitation) the total amount of rock moisture gained each winter was about 54 and 20 mm, respectively, and declines were documented exceeding these amounts, resulting in progressively lower rock moisture content. Oaks, which are rooted into bedrock, demonstrated signs of water stress in drought, including reduced transpiration rates and extremely low water potentials. In the 2020–2021 drought, precipitation did not exceed storage capacity, resulting in variable belowground water storage, increased plant water stress, and no recharge or runoff. Rock moisture deficits (rather than soil moisture deficits) explain these responses.
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