Ashaninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junin, Peru
Ashaninka medicinal plants: a case study from the native community of Bajo Quimiriki, Junin, Peru
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DOI：
10.1186/1746-4269-6-21
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发表时间：
2010-08-13
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Molgaard, Per
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luziatelli, Gaia;Sorensen, Marten;Molgaard, Per
背景：秘鲁朱宁Pichanaki区的Ashaninka土著社区Bajo Quimiriki，距离较大的城区仅4公里，并被一条主要道路分割。因此，传统知识的流失是当地首领和居民关心的主要问题。本研究评估了社区传统药用植物知识的现状，并将当地药典与相关民族药典进行了比较。方法：2007年7 - 9月进行实地调查。通过半结构化访谈、在家庭花园采集药用植物、森林散步、沿着河岸散步、参与观察、非正式交谈、通过代金券标本交叉核对以及对儿童的焦点小组访谈来收集数据。结果：被检举者检出药用植物402种，以中草药为主。以分类群划分的主要科为菊科、天南星科、茜草科、大戟科、茄科和胡椒科。84%的药用植物是野生的，63%是从森林中采集的。外来植物仅占药用植物的2%。与皮肤系统、消化系统和文化信仰系统有关的问题占所有医疗应用的57%。一些传统治疗师接受非土著客户，利用他们的知识作为收入来源。年龄和性别与药用植物知识显著相关。孩子们几乎只知道这些药用植物的西班牙名字。在这个群落中发现的16%的药用植物也在帕斯科地区的雅内沙族中发现。结论：尽管邻近城市，但在这个Ashaninka Native Community中，药用植物的知识和文化信仰仍然很丰富，并且在周围仍然可以找到药用植物。然而，使用西班牙语命名药用植物和将治疗方法转向主要是非土著顾客的收入来源，都是文化适应的迹象。建议今后在药用植物的定量利用、民族医药知识向年轻一代传播的动态以及与最有前途的药用植物的现有药理数据进行比较等方面进行研究。
Background: The Ashaninka Native Community Bajo Quimiriki, District Pichanaki, Junin, Peru, is located only 4 km from a larger urban area and is dissected by a major road. Therefore the loss of traditional knowledge is a main concern of the local headman and inhabitants. The present study assesses the state of traditional medicinal plant knowledge in the community and compares the local pharmacopoeia with the one from a related ethnic group.Methods: Fieldwork was conducted between July and September 2007. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, collection of medicinal plants in the homegardens, forest walks, a walk along the river banks, participant observation, informal conversation, cross check through voucher specimens and a focus group interview with children.Results: Four-hundred and two medicinal plants, mainly herbs, were indicated by the informants. The most important families in terms of taxa were Asteraceae, Araceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Solanaceae and Piperaceae. Eighty-four percent of the medicinal plants were wild and 63% were collected from the forest. Exotics accounted to only 2% of the medicinal plants. Problems related to the dermal system, digestive system, and cultural belief system represented 57% of all the medicinal applications. Some traditional healers received non-indigenous customers, using their knowledge as a source of income. Age and gender were significantly correlated to medicinal plant knowledge. Children knew the medicinal plants almost exclusively by their Spanish names. Sixteen percent of the medicinal plants found in this community were also reported among the Yanesha of the Pasco Region.Conclusions: Despite the vicinity to a city, knowledge on medicinal plants and cultural beliefs are still abundant in this Ashaninka Native Community and the medicinal plants are still available in the surroundings. Nevertheless, the use of Spanish names for the medicinal plants and the shift of healing practices towards a source of income with mainly non-indigenous customers, are signs of acculturation. Future studies on quantification of the use of medicinal plants, dynamics of transmission of ethno-medicinal knowledge to the young generations and comparison with available pharmacological data on the most promising medicinal plants are suggested.