The impact of prenatal stress on basal nociception and evoked responses to tail-docking and inflammatory challenge in juvenile pigs.
The impact of prenatal stress on basal nociception and evoked responses to tail-docking and inflammatory challenge in juvenile pigs.
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产前应激对幼猪基础伤害感受的影响以及对断尾和炎症挑战的诱发反应。
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.018
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sandercock DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sandercock DA
在两项研究中，研究了断尾（2 - 4天）和产前压力（怀孕后三分之二的母亲社会压力）对幼猪基线伤害阈值和急性炎症反应的影响。用30μg辣椒素（研究1）或3%角叉菜胶（研究2）皮内注射急性炎症刺激前后对大鼠尾根和后足进行损伤性机械刺激和冷刺激，评估损伤性阈值。四组8头（研究1，n= 14-16头/处理）或5头（研究2，n=6头/处理/性别）周龄猪暴露于主要因素：母亲压力和处理（断尾和完整尾）。在研究1中，断尾并没有显著改变有害机械刺激的阈值，而产前应激猪的尾根和后脚对有害机械刺激的基线阈值明显高于未应激猪，无论是断尾还是完整。辣椒素注射在所有治疗组中均诱导尾根周围局部机械异常痛，但对足底有害机械反应无影响；然而，与对照组相比，产前应激的后代对辣椒素的反应阈值明显减弱。在研究2中，截尾不会改变机械或有害冷刺激的阈值。对尾根有害冷刺激的基线反应持续时间在产前应激的两性猪中都显着缩短，而雄性而非雌性产前应激猪对机械刺激的基线阈值显着高于对照组，尽管雌性猪的结果倾向于显著性。在所有治疗组中，向尾根注射角叉菜胶可引起局部机械和冷异常性疼痛，这种效应在产前应激猪中减弱。总的来说，这些研究结果表明，产前应激可以诱导伤害性反应的长期改变，表现为对有害机械和冷刺激的敏感性降低，并诱发炎症性异常痛。新生儿断尾不会导致猪伤害感受的长期改变。
The consequences of tail-docking (at 2–4days) and prenatal stress (maternal social stress during the 2nd third of pregnancy) on baseline nociceptive thresholds and responses to acute inflammatory challenge were investigated in juvenile pigs in two studies. Nociceptive thresholds were assessed on the tail root and on the hind foot using noxious mechanical and cold stimulation before and after acute inflammatory challenge by intradermal injection of 30μg capsaicin (study 1) or 3% carrageenan (study 2) into the tail root. Four groups of 8 (study 1, n=14–16 pigs/treatment) or 5 (study 2, n=6 pigs/treatment/sex) week-old pigs were exposed to the main factors: maternal stress and treatment (docked vs. intact tails). In study 1, tail docking did not significantly alter thresholds to noxious mechanical stimulation, whilst prenatally stressed pigs had significantly higher baseline thresholds to noxious mechanical stimulation on the tail root and on the hind foot than unstressed pigs, whether tail-docked or intact. Capsaicin injection induced localised mechanical allodynia around the tail root in all treatment groups, but had no effect on noxious plantar mechanical responses; however prenatally stressed offspring exhibited significantly attenuated response thresholds to capsaicin compared to controls. In study 2 tail docking did not alter thresholds to either mechanical or noxious cold stimulation. Baseline response durations to noxious cold stimulation of the tail root were significantly shorter in both sexes of prenatally stressed pigs, whilst male but not female prenatally stressed pigs exhibited significantly higher baseline thresholds to mechanical stimulation than controls, although results in female pigs tended towards significance. Carrageenan injection into the tail root induced localised mechanical and cold allodynia in all treatment groups, effects that were attenuated in prenatally stressed pigs. Collectively, these findings indicate that prenatal stress can induce long-term alterations in nociceptive responses, manifest as a reduced sensitivity to noxious mechanical and cold stimulation and evoked inflammatory allodynia. Neonatal tail-docking does not lead to long-term alterations in nociception in pigs.