Ectyoplasia ferox, an Experimentally Tractable Model for Vertical Microbial Transmission in Marine Sponges
Ectyoplasia ferox, an Experimentally Tractable Model for Vertical Microbial Transmission in Marine Sponges
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DOI：
10.1007/s00248-012-0142-7
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Hentschel, Ute
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gloeckner, Volker;Lindquist, Niels;Hentschel, Ute
卵生海绵Ectyoplasia ferox常见于佛罗里达和巴哈马群岛。每年8月和/或9月满月后约6天，E。ferox会将含有胚胎的产卵物质释放到海水中，每个宿主个体会孵化出数百至数千只幼虫。为了研究大肠杆菌的垂直传播。ferox、16 SrRNA基因文库构建和变性梯度凝胶电泳。来自六门和未知谱系扫罗的微生物共生体被证明是垂直传播的。鉴定的21 VT集群，其中19个位于海绵特定或海绵珊瑚特定的集群，表明共生微生物财团的很大一部分是存在于有性生殖阶段。产卵导致成年海绵中叶中微生物数量减少50%。我们还提供了第一个证据表明，共生微生物财团的E。ferox一般在生殖阶段代谢活跃。最后，我们提出了E. ferox作为垂直传播的模型系统，因为容易在实验中进入所有有性生殖阶段，并且在实验室中易于实验，包括饲养无共生体的幼年海绵的可能性。
The oviparous sponge Ectyoplasia ferox is commonly found in Florida and the Bahamas. Every year in August and/or September about 6 days after a full moon, E. ferox will shed embryo-containing spawning material into the seawater from which hundreds to thousands of larvae will hatch per host individual. In order to investigate vertical microbial transmission in E. ferox, 16S rRNA gene library construction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was employed. Microbial symbionts from six phyla and the unknown lineage SAUL were shown to be vertically transmitted. The identification of 21 VT clusters, of which 19 were situated within sponge-specific or sponge-coral-specific clusters, indicated that a large fraction of the symbiotic microbial consortium was present in the sexual reproductive stages. Spawning led to a 50 % reduction of microbial numbers in the adult sponge mesohyl. We furthermore provide the first evidence that the symbiotic microbial consortia of E. ferox were generally metabolically active within the reproductive stages. Finally, we propose E. ferox as a model system for vertical transmission owing to the ease of experimental access to all sexual reproductive stages, and to experimental tractability in the laboratory including the possibility of rearing symbiont-free juvenile sponges.