Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement
Establishment of Community Managed Fisheries’ Closures in Kenya: Early Evolution of the Tengefu Movement
复制标题
肯尼亚社区管理渔业关闭的建立：天格夫运动的早期演变
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Abunge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. McClanahan;N. Muthiga;C. Abunge
基于社区的管理（CBM）可能是防止西印度洋区域海洋资源枯竭的重要工具。在肯尼亚，加强地方治理的政治压力导致采用CBM作为减少过度开发和管理竞争性使用及其对海洋环境影响的一种方式。肯尼亚的一些社区已经接受了CBM，并留出或关闭了以前的渔区，以加强渔业和生物多样性的恢复。这些社区渔场的关闭（当地称为tengefu）尽管退化，但可能恢复到与建立的海洋保护区相似的鱼类丰度和生物多样性水平，或高于维持某些生态服务的阈值。社区认为，他们直接参与和控制这些腾富，更有可能使利益直接流向他们。关闭社区对于阐明和解决社区价值以及加强其管理能力也很重要。在这里，我们描述了肯尼亚腾格富运动的演变，并结合焦点小组讨论、访谈、水下调查和边界标记的信息来评估腾格富的现状、机遇和面临的挑战。我们表明，在某些情况下，社区关闭受到国家和地方立法程序缓慢和不完整、合规挑战和管理薄弱的影响。
Abstract Community-based management (CBM) could be an essential tool to prevent the depletion of marine resources in the Western Indian Ocean region. In Kenya, political pressure to strengthen local governance, has led to adoption of CBM as a way of reducing over-exploitation and managing the competing uses and impacts on the marine environment. Several communities in Kenya have embraced CBM and have set aside or closed previously fished areas to enhance recovery of fisheries and biodiversity. These community fisheries closures (locally called tengefu), despite being degraded, may recover to finfish abundances and biodiversity levels similar to established MPAs or above thresholds for maintaining some ecological services. Communities see their direct involvement and control of these tengefu as more likely to result in benefits flowing directly to them. Community closures are also important for articulating and resolving community values and strengthening their management capacity. Here, we describe the evolution of the tengefu movement in Kenya and combine information from focus group discussions, interviews, underwater surveys and boundary marking to evaluate the current status, opportunities and challenges facing these tengefu. We show that in some cases community closures suffer from slow and incomplete national and local legislative processes, challenges to compliance, and weak management.