Screening of a long-term sample set reveals two Ranavirus lineages in British herpetofauna.
Screening of a long-term sample set reveals two Ranavirus lineages in British herpetofauna.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0184768
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lawson B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Price SJ;Wadia A;Wright ON;Leung WTM;Cunningham AA;Lawson B
欧洲大陆两栖动物社区因蛙病毒的常见助产士蟾蜍病毒（CMTV）样分支株而爆发严重疾病的报告正在增加，并因其对人口的巨大影响而引起关注。在英国，蛙病毒的另一个分支-青蛙病毒3（FV 3）-样-中的病毒在最近可能引入病毒后导致普通青蛙（蛙）种群显著下降。自1992年以来，英国公众一直在向公民科学项目报告死亡事件，并将尸体提交进行尸检，从而形成了长达25年的长期组织档案。我们使用分子方法筛选了该档案中的Ranavirus（来自228起事件的458名个体），并对检测到的Ranavirus进行了初步基因分型。在英格兰北部和南部的41起事件中，共在90名个体中检测到了Ranavirus。大多数检测涉及普通青蛙（90%），但也有另一种无尾类动物，尾状动物和爬行动物。大多数事件与FV 3样病毒有关，但两起事件（相隔300公里和16年）涉及CMTV样病毒。这些英国的CMTV样病毒与欧洲大陆的蛙病毒的关系比彼此之间的关系更密切，估计至少在458年前已经分化。1995年在英国发现的CMTV样病毒的证据代表了最早确认的与两栖动物相关的CMTV病例，并提出了关于英国蛙病毒历史和CMTV样病毒流行病学的重要问题。尽管在使用的机会主义样本中存在偏见，但这项研究也证明了公民科学项目在产生研究资源方面的作用以及维护长期野生动物组织档案的价值。
Reports of severe disease outbreaks in amphibian communities in mainland Europe due to strains of the common midwife toad virus (CMTV)-like clade of Ranavirus are increasing and have created concern due to their considerable population impacts. In Great Britain, viruses in another clade of Ranavirus–frog virus 3 (FV3)-like—have caused marked declines of common frog (Rana temporaria) populations following likely recent virus introductions. The British public has been reporting mortality incidents to a citizen science project since 1992, with carcasses submitted for post-mortem examination, resulting in a long-term tissue archive spanning 25 years. We screened this archive for ranavirus (458 individuals from 228 incidents) using molecular methods and undertook preliminary genotyping of the ranaviruses detected. In total, ranavirus was detected in 90 individuals from 41 incidents focused in the north and south of England. The majority of detections involved common frogs (90%) but also another anuran, a caudate and a reptile. Most incidents were associated with FV3-like viruses but two, separated by 300 km and 16 years, involved CMTV-like viruses. These British CMTV-like viruses were more closely related to ranaviruses from mainland Europe than to each other and were estimated to have diverged at least 458 years ago. This evidence of a CMTV-like virus in Great Britain in 1995 represents the earliest confirmed case of a CMTV associated with amphibians and raises important questions about the history of ranavirus in Great Britain and the epidemiology of CMTV-like viruses. Despite biases present in the opportunistic sample used, this study also demonstrates the role of citizen science projects in generating resources for research and the value of maintaining long-term wildlife tissue archives.