Varietal and seasonal differences in the effects of commercial bumblebees on fruit quality in strawberry crops.
Varietal and seasonal differences in the effects of commercial bumblebees on fruit quality in strawberry crops.
复制标题
商业大黄蜂对草莓作物果实品质影响的品种和季节差异。
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2019.04.007
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martin CD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin CD
野生和人工传粉媒介通过为作物提供授粉服务，对全球粮食生产做出了重大贡献。商业饲养的蜜蜂和大黄蜂是两个最大的管理传粉者群体。特别是大黄蜂越来越多地用于软水果作物，如草莓，一种全球重要的经济作物。尽管在草莓作物中使用了商业大黄蜂，但几乎没有定量证据表明它们给农民带来了好处。考虑到商业蜂群对野生蜜蜂种群的负面影响，量化商业大黄蜂的利益是至关重要的，因此可以做出合理的管理决策，为农民和野生蜜蜂提供最大的利益。在这项研究中，英国本土亚种bombus terrestris audax的商业殖民地被放置在英格兰东南部一个软果农场的6月生（开花时间为3 - 4月，品种为“Malling Centenary”和“Flair”）和5月生（开花时间为5 - 6月）草莓多洞中，并以每周的间隔打开和关闭。对多洞内的访花组合进行了量化，并对果实进行了收获和品质评价。在六月品种百灵百年中，商业大黄蜂的存在使高商品等级果实的数量增加了25%。相比之下，在6月开花品种Flair和常熟作物中，没有观察到商业蜜蜂对授粉或果实品质的好处。果核百年作物果实品质的提高可能是由较高的b值驱动的。在该作物中观察到的地花访花率与授粉依赖的品种差异相结合。野生传粉者的访花次数并不能很好地预测草莓的品质，因此它们在这个系统中提供的益处仍有待阐明。本文的研究结果表明，在野生传粉者数量较少的时候，如果将商业大黄蜂部署在合适的品种上，可以大大提高草莓作物的质量和后续价值。然而，研究结果也提出了一种可能性，即商业殖民地并不总是像人们认为的那样为草莓作物带来好处。为了让种植者对商业大黄蜂的使用做出明智的决定，需要进一步研究商业大黄蜂在不同地点和季节对主要草莓品种的影响。这项研究是获得这种认识的重要一步。
Both wild and managed pollinators significantly contribute to global food production by providing pollination services to crops. Colonies of commercially-reared honey bees and bumblebees are two of the largest groups of managed pollinators. Bumblebees in particular are increasingly used on soft fruit crops, such as strawberry, an economically important crop globally. Despite the use of commercial bumblebees in strawberry crops, there is little quantitative evidence that they provide a benefit to farmers. Given the negative impacts that commercial colonies can have on wild bee populations, it is vital that the benefits of commercial bumblebees are quantified, so reasoned management decisions can be made that provide maximum benefit to both farmers and wild bees. In this study, commercial colonies of the UK native subspeciesBombus terrestris audaxwere placed into June-bearer (flowering March-April, varieties ‘Malling Centenary’ and ‘Flair’) and everbearer (flowering May-June) strawberry polytunnels on a soft-fruit farm in the south east of England, and opened and closed at weekly intervals. The flower-visiting assemblage inside polytunnels was quantified, and fruit was harvested and quality assessed. In the June-bearer variety Malling Centenary, the presence of commercial bumblebees increased the amount of high commercial grade fruit by 25%. In contrast, no benefit of commercial bees on pollination or fruit quality was observed in the June-bearer variety Flair and the everbearer crop. The increase in quality of fruit in the Malling Centenary crop may be driven by the higherB. terrestris audaxflower visitation rates seen in this crop in combination with varietal differences in pollination dependency. The number of flower visits by wild pollinators was not a well-supported predictor of strawberry quality, thus the benefit they provide in this system remains to be elucidated. The results presented here suggest that commercial bumblebees can greatly increase the quality and subsequent value of a strawberry crop, when deployed on a suitable variety at a time when wild pollinator numbers are low. However, the results also raise the possibility that commercial colonies do not always provide the benefits to strawberry crops that they are thought to. For growers to make informed decisions on commercial bumblebee use, further research is required into the effect of commercial bumblebees on the major strawberry varieties, in different locations and seasons. This study is an important step in gaining this understanding.