Water, policy and governance.
Water, policy and governance.
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DOI：
10.3197/096734010x12699419057377
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Pietila, P. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hukka, J. J.;Castro, J. E.;Pietila, P. E.
本文对2007年6月13日至17日在芬兰坦佩雷举行的第五届国际卫生大会“水的过去和未来”上提出的一些关于水治理和政策的选定论文的内容进行了全面的综合。因此，作者不打算在此就所涉专题提出自己的看法，他们在其他地方已作了更详细的说明，而是试图抓住从水治理和政策的广泛观点中出现的关键问题，这些观点为会议上提交的文件提供了信息。越来越多的人认为，全球水危机主要是一场“治理”危机。在大多数国家，丰富的水资源不再是理所当然的。越来越多的国家和地区的越来越多的人正在以不同的方式体验水--水是一种有限的资源，必须在现在和未来仔细管理，以造福于人类和环境。新出现的范例是资源限制、保护和认识到水生命周期的脆弱性。然而，“水治理”的确切含义仍然有待讨论。此外，水本身的简单定义已经过时，全球正在就这一主题进行激烈的辩论。水具有多种功能和价值，其中大多数是不可替代的。虽然在某些用途上，水已日益成为一种商品，但在许多其他功能上，水的形式是一种社会或公益物。对许多人来说，水圈是一种共同利益，必须作为一种共同利益加以治理和管理。获得基本数量的安全饮用水是否是一项人权？这真的重要吗水可发挥多种作用，这取决于更广泛的政治、经济、社会、文化和环境背景。也许关键的问题是：是否真的出现了一种新的水治理模式，或者我们只是在进行妄想性的花言巧语？世界各地的许多迹象表明，人们对水资源的认知、管理和使用方式确实在发生变化，但这种变化的方向是高度不确定的。这反映在持续的矛盾中，这些矛盾困扰着关于水治理政策的全球辩论，其中一些矛盾在我们在这里总结的国际水卫生大会上提交的文件中得到了体现。本主题文件的重点是确定水政策和治理的一些关键建设要素，我们认为这是贯穿不同演讲的一条共同主线。本文件还探讨了国际社会在全球不确定性日益增加的情况下，为实现民主水治理原则所面临的挑战和机遇。
This article offers an overall synthesis of the contents of a number of selected papers on water governance and policy presented at the 5th IWHA Conference 'Pasts and Futures of Water' that took place in Tampere, Finland, on 13-17 June 2007. Therefore, the authors do not intend to present here their own views on the topics covered, which they have described in more detail elsewhere, but rather seek to capture the key issues emerging from the broad range of perspectives on water governance and policy that informed the papers presented at the Conference. There is growing consensus that the global water crisis is mainly a crisis of 'governance'. In most countries plentiful water resources can no longer be taken for granted. More and more people in an increasing number of countries are experiencing water differently - as a limited resource that must be carefully managed for the benefit of people and the environment, in the present and for the future. The emerging paradigm is one of resource constraints, conservation, and awareness of the fragility of water's life cycle. Yet, it is still open to debate what 'water governance' exactly means. Moreover, simple definitions of water itself have become obsolete and there is a heated global debate on the topic. Water has multiple functions and values, most of which are incommensurable. While in some of its uses water has increasingly become a commodity, in many other functions water takes the form of a social or public good. For many, the hydrosphere is a common good that must be governed and managed as such. Is the access to essential volumes of safe water a human right or not? Does it really matter? Water serves many roles depending on the wider political, economic, social, cultural and environmental context. Perhaps the crucial question is: Is there truly a new paradigm of water governance emerging, or are we simply engaging in delusionary rhetoric? Many signs all over the world suggest that the way water is perceived, governed, and managed is indeed changing, but the direction of this change is highly uncertain. This is reflected in the ongoing contradictions that characterise the global debates about water governance policy, some of which were captured in the papers presented at the IWHA Conference that we summarise here. The focus of this theme paper is on identifying some of the key building elements of water policy and governance, which we identified as a common thread running through the different presentations. The paper also explores the challenges and opportunities facing the international community for living up to the principles of democratic water governance in a context of increasing global uncertainty.