Combined neurostimulation and neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience: past, present, and future
Combined neurostimulation and neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience: past, present, and future
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.12110
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Feredoes, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bestmann, Sven;Feredoes, Eva
人类的现代神经刺激方法为皮层区域的操作提供受控输入，具有高度特定的行为后果。这使得因果结构功能推断，并结合神经成像，提供了新的见解的基本机制的神经刺激分布式网络上的行动。例如，最近的工作已经建立了经颅磁刺激（TMS）探测因果区域间影响的能力，以及它们与认知状态变化的相互作用。神经刺激和神经成像的组合现在面临着将神经刺激的已知生理效应与认知的理论和生物模型相结合的挑战，例如，当对立的认知理论之间的理论僵局需要解决时。这将由新的发展驱动，包括生物信息计算网络分析，用于预测神经刺激对大脑网络的影响，以及新的神经成像和神经刺激技术。这种未来的发展可能会提供一套扩展的工具来研究结构-功能关系，并制定和重新概念化关于复杂神经网络相互作用及其在认知中的因果作用的可测试假设。
Modern neurostimulation approaches in humans provide controlled inputs into the operations of cortical regions, with highly specific behavioral consequences. This enables causal structure-function inferences, and in combination with neuroimaging, has provided novel insights into the basic mechanisms of action of neurostimulation on distributed networks. For example, more recent work has established the capacity of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to probe causal interregional influences, and their interaction with cognitive state changes. Combinations of neurostimulation and neuroimaging now face the challenge of integrating the known physiological effects of neurostimulation with theoretical and biological models of cognition, for example, when theoretical stalemates between opposing cognitive theories need to be resolved. This will be driven by novel developments, including biologically informed computational network analyses for predicting the impact of neurostimulation on brain networks, as well as novel neuroimaging and neurostimulation techniques. Such future developments may offer an expanded set of tools with which to investigate structure-function relationships, and to formulate and reconceptualize testable hypotheses about complex neural network interactions and their causal roles in cognition.