Progressive reduction versus fixed level of support during training: When less is less.
Progressive reduction versus fixed level of support during training: When less is less.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.humov.2015.11.010
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bingham GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snapp-Childs W;Wang XM;Bingham GP
以前的经验和理论工作表明，有效的技能获得需要主动地产生动作，学习新技能有助于获得预期控制。然而，有许多方法可以组织练习，这可能会影响培训后预期控制的获得和使用。在这里，我们测试了在没有支持的情况下，是否需要在训练期间逐步调整和减少支持，才能在训练后获得良好的成绩。这项任务是使用触笔将珠子推过复杂的3D钢丝路径。支架“磁性地”吸引并将触控笔固定在电线上。三组成年参与者每组都经历了三种训练方案中的一种：逐渐减少磁性吸引力，只有中等水平的吸引力，或低磁性吸引力。结果表明，使用单一(中等)支持水平的训练后，在低支持的情况下取得良好成绩的效果明显较差。低支持训练产生的训练后表现与逐渐减少支持的训练一样好；然而，前者在训练期间的表现明显较差。因此，在培训期间提供的支持越少，学习效果就越好，但培训课程就越难。这些结果在应用于特殊人群培训的背景下进行了讨论。
Previous empirical and theoretical work suggests that effective skill acquisition requires movements to be generated actively and that learning new skills supports the acquisition of prospective control. However, there are many ways in which practice can be structured, that may affect the acquisition and use of prospective control after training. Here, we tested whether the progressive modulation and reduction of support during training was required to yield good performance after training without support. The task was to use a stylus to push a bead over a complex 3D wire path. The support “magnetically” attracted and held the stylus onto the wire. Three groups of adult participants each experienced one of three training regimes: gradual reduction of magnetic attraction, only a medium level of attraction, or low magnetic attraction. The results showed that use of a single (medium) level of support was significantly less effective in yielding good performance with low support after training. Training with low support yielded post-training performance that was equally good as that yielded by training with progressive reduction of support; however, performance during training was significantly poorer in the former. Thus, less support during training yields effective learning but more difficult training sessions. The results are discussed in the context of application to training with special populations.