RNASeq-derived transcriptome comparisons reveal neuromodulatory deficiency in the CO2 insensitive brown Norway rat.

RNASeq-derived transcriptome comparisons reveal neuromodulatory deficiency in the CO2 insensitive brown Norway rat.
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RNASeq 衍生的转录组比较揭示了对 CO2 不敏感的棕色挪威大鼠的神经调节缺陷。

DOI:
10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285171
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
The Journal of physiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hodges,MatthewR
Hodges,MatthewR
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Puissant,MadeleineM;Echert,AshleyE;Yang,Chun;MouradianJr,GaryC;Novotny,Tyler;Liu,Pengyuan;Liang,Mingyu;Hodges,MatthewR

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关键点二氧化碳(CO2)的增加通过激活呼吸性CO2化学反射提供了一个主要的化学刺激,这在很大程度上受到脑干羟色胺能(5-HT)系统的影响。布朗挪威(BN)大鼠对高碳酸血症具有固有的和极低的呼吸敏感性,这可以通过选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制来增强。使用mRNA测序,我们发现BN大鼠的延髓中缝表达减少了多种5-HT神经元特异性基因,通过信息学途径分析预测了较低的单胺水平,并通过高效液相色谱测量证实。BN大鼠还显示促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)表达减少,其中与对照Sprague-Dawley大鼠相比,TRH类似物他替瑞林的注射在BN大鼠中引起基线通气、体温和呼吸性CO2化学反射的更大增加。这些数据建立了BN大鼠中神经调节缺陷的分子基础,并进一步表明TRH信号在哺乳动物CO2化学反射中的重要功能作用。摘要Raphé衍生的5-HT和促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)在基本的稳态控制系统中起重要作用,如呼吸,特别是呼吸性CO2化学反射。Brown Norway(BN)大鼠表现出对高碳酸血症的固有和严重的呼吸不敏感性,但在休息和其他条件下也表现出相对正常的通气,类似于小鼠中5-HT系统功能障碍的多种遗传模型。在此,我们检验了BN大鼠对高碳酸血症的解释性不敏感性是由于raphé基因表达改变以及由此产生的raphé衍生神经调节剂(如TRH)缺陷的假设。延髓中缝转录组比较显示,与对照Dahl盐敏感大鼠相比,BN中多种5-HT神经元特异性基因的表达较低,通过生物信息学分析预测中枢神经系统单胺减少,并通过高效液相色谱测量证实。特别是,BN大鼠中raphéTrhmRNA和肽水平显著降低,并且注射稳定的TRH类似物他替瑞林(TAL)剂量依赖性地刺激呼吸,在BN大鼠中的作用大于对照Sprague-Dawley大鼠。重要的是,TAL还有效地使BN大鼠的呼吸性CO2化学反射正常化,但TAL不影响对照Sprague-Dawley大鼠的CO2敏感性。这些数据建立了BN大鼠神经调节缺陷的分子基础,并进一步表明TRH信号在哺乳动物CO2化学反射中的重要功能作用。
Key pointsIncreases in carbon dioxide (CO2) provide a major chemical stimulus to breathe through activation of the ventilatory CO2chemoreflex, which is heavily influenced by the brainstem serotonergic (5‐HT) system.Brown Norway (BN) rats have an inherent and extremely low ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia, which can be augmented with selective serotonin reuptake inhibition.Using mRNA sequencing, we show that BN rats have reduced medullary raphé expression of multiple 5‐HT neuron‐specific genes, predictive of lower monoamine levels by informatics pathway analyses and confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements.BN rats also showed reduced thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) expression, where injections of the TRH analogue Taltirelin caused greater increases in baseline ventilation, body temperature and the ventilatory CO2chemoreflex in BN rats compared to control Sprague–Dawley rats.These data establish a molecular basis of a neuromodulatory deficiency in BN rats, and further suggest an important functional role for TRH signalling in the mammalian CO2chemoreflex.AbstractRaphé‐derived serotonin (5‐HT) and thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) play important roles in fundamental, homeostatic control systems such as breathing and specifically the ventilatory CO2chemoreflex. Brown Norway (BN) rats exhibit an inherent and severe ventilatory insensitivity to hypercapnia but also exhibit relatively normal ventilation at rest and during other conditions, similar to multiple genetic models of 5‐HT system dysfunction in mice. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the ventilatory insensitivity to hypercapnia in BN rats is due to altered raphé gene expression and the consequent deficiencies in raphé‐derived neuromodulators such as TRH. Medullary raphé transcriptome comparisons revealed lower expression of multiple 5‐HT neuron‐specific genes in BN compared to control Dahl salt‐sensitive rats, predictive of reduced central nervous system monoamines by bioinformatics analyses and confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements. In particular, raphéTrhmRNA and peptide levels were significantly reduced in BN rats, and injections of the stable TRH analogue Taltirelin (TAL) stimulated breathing dose‐dependently, with greater effects in BNversuscontrol Sprague–Dawley rats. Importantly, TAL also effectively normalized the ventilatory CO2chemoreflex in BN rats, but TAL did not affect CO2sensitivity in control Sprague–Dawley rats. These data establish a molecular basis of the neuromodulatory deficiency in BN rats, and further suggest an important functional role for TRH signalling in the mammalian CO2chemoreflex.
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