Understanding the Dimensions of Anti-Vaccination Attitudes: the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale
Understanding the Dimensions of Anti-Vaccination Attitudes: the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale
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DOI：
10.1007/s12160-017-9888-y
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Petrie, Keith J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Leslie R.;Petrie, Keith J.
反接种态度是影响接种行为的重要预测因素。现有的疫苗接种态度测量侧重于特定的年龄组和/或特定的疫苗；更全面的测量将有助于在不同研究之间进行比较。本研究的目的是开发一般接种态度的短期测量，并建立其可靠性和有效性。在研究1中，参与者为409人(53%为女性)，平均年龄34.5岁。在研究2中，参与者为92人(67%为女性)，平均年龄28.6岁。参与者回答了关于他们对疫苗的态度、以前和预期未来的疫苗接种行为、对药物的敏感度、在线行为和基本人口统计信息的纸笔问题。探索性和验证性因素分析与相关性和t检验用于评估该量表的信度和效度。发现了四种不同但相关的疫苗态度：(1)不信任疫苗益处，(2)对不可预见的未来影响的担忧，(3)对商业暴利的担忧，(4)对自然免疫的偏好。这些因素与以前的疫苗接种行为、未来获得推荐疫苗的意图、对药物的感知敏感性以及在线获取健康信息的倾向显著相关。VAX量表为识别疫苗抵抗者提供了一种有效的方法，四个子量表使人们能够更细微地理解这些观点的性质。然而，应该指出的是，四个分量表之间的强烈相关性表明，干预措施应该针对所有四个态度领域，是否有理由在四个领域进行不同的强调还有待观察。
Anti-vaccination attitudes are important predictors of vaccination behavior. Existing measures of vaccination attitudes focus on specific age groups and/or particular vaccines; a more comprehensive measure would facilitate comparisons across studies.The aim of this study was to develop a short measure of general vaccination attitudes and establish its reliability and validity.Two studies were conducted using the VAX scale. For Study 1, participants were 409 individuals (53% female), with a mean age of 34.5 years. For Study 2, participants were 92 individuals (67% female) with a mean age of 28.6. Participants answered paper-and-pencil questions about their attitudes toward vaccines, prior and expected-future vaccination behaviors, perceived sensitivity to medicines, online behavior, and basic demographic information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with correlations and t tests then used to assess the scale's reliability and validity.Four distinct but correlated vaccine attitudes were identified: (1) mistrust of vaccine benefit, (2) worries about unforeseen future effects, (3) concerns about commercial profiteering, and (4) preference for natural immunity. These factors were significantly related to prior vaccination behavior, future intentions to obtain recommended vaccinations, perceived sensitivity to medicines, and the tendency to obtain health information online.The VAX scale provides an efficient method for identifying those with vaccination resistance, and the four subscales enable a more nuanced understanding of the nature of those views. It should be noted, however, that the strong correlations amongst the four subscales suggest that interventions should target all four attitude areas, and it remains to be seen whether differential emphasis across the four areas is warranted.