Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese Encephalitis
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-1108-7_18
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Halstead, Scott B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Halstead, Scott B.
早在1871年，日本就记录了与日本脑炎（JE）一致的夏秋季脑炎暴发;最大的一次发生在1924年，涉及6,000多例病例，其中60%是致命的（Hiroyama 1962）。同年，在兔子身上分离出一种来自人脑组织的滤过性病原体，1934年，Hayashi通过脑内接种人脑悬液，将该疾病实验性地传播给猴子（Hayashi 1934; Inada 1937）。随后，该病毒适应小鼠，不久之后，基于恢复患者中特异性中和抗体的存在，开发了血清学诊断试验（Hayashi 1934; Kawamura et al. 1936; Taniguchi et al. 1936）。用乙脑和相关的圣路易斯脑炎（SLE）黄病毒接种小鼠脑，提供了抗原，使工作人员能够通过血清学确认脑炎病例，包括1934年和1935年在北京发生的一组病例（Kuttner和Tsun 1936）。
Summer-fall encephalitis outbreaks, consistent with Japanese encephalitis (JE), were recorded in Japan as early as 1871; the largest, in 1924, involved more than 6,000 cases, 60% of them fatal (Hiroyama 1962). A filterable agent from human brain tissue was isolated in rabbits that year and in 1934, Hayashi transmitted the disease experimentally to monkeys by the intracerebral inoculation of human brain suspension (Hayashi 1934; Inada 1937). The virus was subsequently adapted to mice, and soon after, a serological diagnostic test was developed based on the presence of specific neutralizing antibody in recovered patients (Hayashi 1934; Kawamura et al. 1936; Taniguchi et al. 1936). Inoculation of mouse brain with JE and related St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) flaviviruses provided antigens that enabled workers to confirm encephalitis cases serologically, including a cluster of cases that occurred in 1934 and 1935 in Beijing (Kuttner and Tsun 1936).