Rethinking the role of experts and expertise in behavioural public policy
Rethinking the role of experts and expertise in behavioural public policy
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DOI：
10.1332/030557319x15526371698257
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Stoker, Gerry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
John, Peter;Stoker, Gerry
推动和行为公共政策工具赢得了世界各国政府的支持，以提高公共干预措施的有效性。然而，推动仍然招致强烈的批评，因为它促进了家长式作风和操纵，使之成为合法的政府行为。为了超越这一鸿沟，本文提出了一个全面的重新定位，这是必要的，因为政策的知识基础是错误的。通过扩大行为政策的认知范围，并确保它不依赖于直觉推理有缺陷和专家建议总是可取的狭隘假设，可以实现一个更安全的基础。这种认知范围的转变推动了行为政策向公民反思和主动性的转变，远离了专家主导的干预。这不仅仅是推动实践的渐进式进步。因此，轻推可以逃脱不尊重个人自主权的指控。我们称之为“助推+”的措施将与其他类型的政府干预更紧密地联系在一起，这些干预包括公民参与。
Nudge and behavioural public policy tools have won support from governments across the world for improving the effectiveness of public interventions. Yet nudge still attracts strong criticisms for promoting paternalism and manipulation as legitimate government actions. To move beyond this divide, this paper offers a comprehensive reorientation, which is necessary because the intellectual foundations of the policy are at fault. A more secure foundation can be achieved by expanding the cognitive scope of behavioural policy, and ensuring that it does not rely on the narrow assumption that intuitive reasoning is flawed and that expert advice is always preferable. This shift in the cognitive range of nudge moves behavioural policy toward citizen reflection and initiative, pointing away from expert-led interventions. It amounts to more than incremental advances in nudge practice. As a result, nudge can escape the charge of not respecting individual autonomy. What we call 'nudge plus' would link more closely with other types of governmental intervention that embrace citizen involvement.