International and local NGOs addressing violent and hateful extremism in Kenya
International and local NGOs addressing violent and hateful extremism in Kenya
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国际和当地非政府组织应对肯尼亚的暴力和仇恨极端主义
DOI：
10.1080/14678802.2023.2211034
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. A. Badurdeen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. A. Badurdeen
摘要2000年代末肯尼亚发生的一系列恐怖袭击事件要求政府采取强有力的反恐措施。2011年华盛顿牵头的打击暴力极端主义战略是肯尼亚和其他地区打击暴力极端主义方案的一个补救工具。2016年9月，肯尼亚政府启动了《打击暴力极端主义国家战略》，以响应国际发展合作伙伴和国家安全局提出的采取更温和预防措施的呼吁。根据2015-2021年在肯尼亚的广泛实地调查，本文探讨了“暴力极端主义”一词自上而下、国际和国家框架的演变及其在预防和打击暴力极端主义（PCVE）规划中的缓解。文章揭示了暴力极端主义（VE）不断演变的威胁，并着眼于更广泛的VE定义可以包括的贡献，特别是暴力和仇恨的极端主义，解决仇恨和仇恨言论，有毒的身份政治，厌女症，污名化和边缘化的PCVE倡议。
ABSTRACT A string of terror attacks in Kenya in the late 2000s necessitated robust counter terrorism responses by the Government. The Washington-led countering violent extremism strategy in 2011 came as a salvage tool for countering violent extremism programmes in Kenya and beyond. In September 2016, the government of Kenya launched the National Strategy for Countering Violent Extremism in line with the call promoted by international development partners and INGOs for softer preventative approaches. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Kenya 2015–2021, the article examines the evolving top-down, international and national framings of the term ‘violent extremism’ and its mitigation within prevention and countering violent extremism (PCVE) programming. The article sheds light on the evolving threat of violent extremism (VE) and looks at contributions broader VE definitions can include, notably violent and hateful extremism addressing hatred and hate speech, toxic identity politics, misogyny, stigmatisation and marginalisation in PCVE initiatives.