An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: Validation with a wild free-ranging animal
An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: Validation with a wild free-ranging animal
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DOI：
10.1111/2041-210x.12839
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Macdonald, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellwood, Stephen A.;Newman, Chris;Macdonald, David W.
1.对于理解社会生物学和运动生态学很重要的行为事件通常是罕见的，短暂的和局部的，但可以发生在空间上遥远的地点，例如领土入侵和共同定位的个人。现有的动物跟踪技术，能够检测到这样的事件，是有限的一个或多个：电池寿命;数据分辨率;位置精度;数据安全性;共同定位个人的能力空间和时间。至少部分解决这些限制的技术将是有利的。欧洲獾（Meles meles L.），提出了一个具有挑战性的测试床，与群外亲子关系（明显从基因分型）相矛盾的刚性群体领土与社会群体混合的既定观点。在概念研究的证明中，我们评估了全自动有源射频识别（aRFID）系统的实用性，该系统将獾携带的aRFID标签与静态，无线网络，aRFID检测器基站相结合，以记录獾在setts（洞穴）和附近的名义边界厕所的协同定位。我们总结了獾花在社会群体内和社会群体之间共处的时间，应用网络分析提供了基于共处的社区结构的证据，在这两个尺度。aRFID系统将动物共同定位在基站的31.5米（可调）范围内。aRFID和基站之间的高效无线电传输使20 g标签能够持续2- 5年（取决于传输间隔）。数据安全性高（数据存储在标签外），具有远程访问能力。獾花了大部分的共处时间与自己的社会群体的成员在setts;其余的共处时间之间平均分配内部和社会群体间的共处附近的厕所和社会群体间的共处在setts。网络分析表明，20-100%的跟踪獾每周从事社会群体间的混合，有证据表明，跨界超群体，即獾经常越过概念上的领土边界。aRFID在已建立的跟踪技术中占有独特的位置。我们验证了aRFID的效用，以确定共同的位置，社会结构和组间混合在一个野生獾人口，使我们反驳传统的观点，獾（社会群体）的领土和质疑的管理策略，控制牛结核病，基于这个模型。最终，aRFID被证明是一个多功能的系统，能够识别景观规模的社会结构，运行多年，适用于一系列物种。
1. Behavioural events that are important for understanding sociobiology and movement ecology are often rare, transient and localised, but can occur at spatially distant sites e.g. territorial incursions and co-locating individuals. Existing animal tracking technologies, capable of detecting such events, are limited by one or more of: battery life; data resolution; location accuracy; data security; ability to co-locate individuals both spatially and temporally. Technology that at least partly resolves these limitations would be advantageous. European badgers (Meles meles L.), present a challenging test-bed, with extra-group paternity (apparent from genotyping) contradicting established views on rigid group territoriality with little social-group mixing.2. In a proof of concept study we assess the utility of a fully automated active-radio-frequency-identification (aRFID) system combining badger-borne aRFID-tags with static, wirelessly-networked, aRFID-detector base-stations to record badger co-locations at setts (burrows) and near notional border latrines. We summarise the time badgers spent co-locating within and between social-groups, applying network analysis to provide evidence of co-location based community structure, at both these scales.3. The aRFID system co-located animals within 31.5m (adjustable) of base-stations. Efficient radio transmission between aRFIDs and base-stations enables a 20g tag to last for 2-5years (depending on transmission interval). Data security was high (data stored off tag), with remote access capability. Badgers spent most co-location time with members of their own social-groups at setts; remaining co-location time was divided evenly between intra- and inter-social-group co-locations near latrines and inter-social-group co-locations at setts. Network analysis showed that 20-100% of tracked badgers engaged in inter-social-group mixing per week, with evidence of trans-border super-groups, that is, badgers frequently transgressed notional territorial borders.4. aRFID occupies a distinct niche amongst established tracking technologies. We validated the utility of aRFID to identify co-locations, social-structure and inter-group mixing within a wild badger population, leading us to refute the conventional view that badgers (social-groups) are territorial and to question management strategies, for controlling bovine TB, based on this model. Ultimately aRFID proved a versatile system capable of identifying social-structure at the landscape scale, operating for years and suitable for use with a range of species.