Place-Based Policies
Place-Based Policies
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DOI：
10.3386/w20049
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发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Neumark;H. Simpson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Neumark;H. Simpson
地方政策通常针对表现不佳的地区，例如恶化的市中心商业区和贫困地区。主要例子包括企业区、欧盟结构基金和产业集群政策。基于地方的政策通过城市和劳动经济学中的各种假设来合理化，例如集聚经济和空间错配——这些假设会导致市场失灵，并经常预测经济表现不佳和弱势居民之间存在重叠。关于企业区的证据非常复杂。我们需要更多地了解企业区政策的哪些特征使它们更有效或更无效，谁从这些政策中受益和谁受损，以及我们如何协调现有的调查结果。一些证据表明基础设施支出以及高等教育和大学研究投资的积极好处——可能是因为这些政策的公共产品性质。然而，为了更好地指导政策，我们需要更多地了解哪些政策可以创造自我维持的长期收益。
Place-based policies commonly target underperforming areas, such as deteriorating downtown business districts and disadvantaged regions. Principal examples include enterprise zones, European Union Structural Funds, and industrial cluster policies. Place-based policies are rationalized by various hypotheses in urban and labor economics, such as agglomeration economies and spatial mismatch – hypotheses that entail market failures and often predict overlap between poor economic performance and disadvantaged residents. The evidence on enterprise zones is very mixed. We need to know more about what features of enterprise zone policies make them more effective or less effective, who gains and who loses from these policies, and how we can reconcile the existing findings. Some evidence points to positive benefits of infrastructure expenditure, and also investment in higher education and university research – likely because of the public-goods nature of these policies. However, to better guide policy, we need to know more about what policies create self-sustaining longer-run gains.