Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies
Understanding sturgeon life history: Enigmas, myths, and insights from scientific studies
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了解鲟鱼的生活史：谜团、神话和科学研究的见解
DOI：
10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00413.x
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
M. Randall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Sulak;M. Randall
根据对佛罗里达州苏万尼河海湾鲟鱼种群的分析，以及对其他鲟鱼物种的科学文献的分析，对鲟鱼生活史上选定的谜团进行了检验。来自14年墨西哥湾鲟鱼采样的种群结构数据为鲟鱼的生活史提供了新的见解，揭示了与其他鲟鱼的总体相似之处。鲟鱼禁食的谜团，特别是淡水中的逆流物种禁食，被认为是一个谜。禁食被认为是维持具有巨大生长潜力和未知终极大小的鱼类的最佳生态体型的一种机制。幼鱼参与下游物种成鱼产卵迁徙的明显谜团，在鲟鱼作为基本上是淡水鱼的进化的背景下被解开。淡水栖息地是禁食期间生理和捕食者的避难所。通过对墨西哥湾鲟鱼的长度和年龄数据的分析，以及对其他研究充分的鲟鱼物种的比较文献数据的分析，对鲟鱼种群典型的长寿神话进行了评估，发现与之相矛盾。种群稳定的神话同样与海湾鲟鱼的长期长度/年龄频率数据相矛盾，也没有报告的其他鲟鱼物种的额外长期种群分析支持。应根据修订后的生活史知识重新评估可能的鲟鱼管理和保护行动。特别是，重要的是要应用这样的知识，即成年女性通常不会像轶事和传统神话所暗示的那样活得那么长。事实上，相对于初熟时的年龄，大多数鲟鱼种群似乎以年轻人为主；非常大的和非常年长的鱼很少。因此，在任何给定的雌性鲟鱼的寿命内，许多连续产卵的天然鲟鱼种群的概率很低。同样重要的是要认识到鲟鱼种群的动态不稳定性，...
Selected enigmas in sturgeon life history are examined based on analysis of the Gulf sturgeon population in the Suwannee River, Florida, and on scientific literature for other sturgeon species. Population structure data from 14 years of Gulf sturgeon sampling yield new insights into sturgeon life history, revealing general parallels with other sturgeons. The enigma of sturgeon fasting, particularly fasting in freshwater by anadromous species, is considered. Fasting is hypothesized as a mechanism to maintain optimum ecological body size in fishes with enormous growth potential and indeterminate ultimate size. The apparent mystery of juveniles participating in the spawning immigration of adults in anadromous species is resolved in the context of the evolution of sturgeons as fundamentally freshwater fishes. Freshwater habitat is a physiological and predator refuge during fasting intervals. The myth of great age as typical of sturgeon populations is evaluated and found to be contradicted by analysis of Gulf sturgeon length and age data, and by comparative literature data for other well-studied sturgeon species. The myth of population stability is similarly contradicted by long-term length/age frequency data for Gulf sturgeon, and is unsupported by additional long-term population analyses reported for other sturgeon species. Potential sturgeon management and conservation actions should be re-evaluated in the light of revised life history knowledge. In particular, it is important to apply the knowledge that adult females typically do not live as long as anecdote and conventional myth suggest. In fact, relative to age at first maturity, most sturgeon populations appear to be dominated by young adults; very large and very old fish are rare. Consequently, there is a low probability in natural sturgeon populations of many successive spawnings over the lifespan of any given female. It is also important to recognize the dynamic instability of sturgeon populations,...