Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe
Supersonic gas streams enhance the formation of massive black holes in the early universe
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aai9119
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
S. Hirano;T. Hosokawa;N. Yoshida;R. Kuiper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Hirano;T. Hosokawa;N. Yoshida;R. Kuiper
第一个超大质量黑洞的形成超大质量黑洞在大爆炸后不到10亿年就存在了。由于黑洞可以以取决于其当前质量的最大速率增长，因此很难理解如此大质量的黑洞如何如此迅速地形成。平野等人开发的模拟显示，在早期宇宙中，气体和暗物质成分之间的流动运动速度偏移可能产生了数万个太阳质量的黑洞。大到足以形成我们今天观测到的超大质量黑洞。科学，本期第1375页流动运动可以导致早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的种子。早期宇宙中超大质量黑洞的起源仍然知之甚少。巨大原始气体云的引力坍缩是一个有希望的初始过程，但理论研究很难让黑洞足够快地生长。我们报告的早期黑洞形成的数值模拟从现实的宇宙学条件。大爆炸后留下的超音速气体运动阻止了早期气体云的形成，直到在原星系晕中触发了快速的气体凝结。原恒星形成于稠密、湍流的气体云中，并通过零星的质量吸积成长，直到获得34，000太阳质量。这颗巨大的星星以灾难性的坍缩结束了自己的生命，留下了一个黑洞--这是形成一个巨大黑洞的一颗有希望的种子。
Making the first supermassive black holes Supermassive black holes existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang. Because black holes can grow at a maximum rate that depends on their current mass, it has been difficult to understand how such massive black holes could have formed so quickly. Hirano et al. developed simulations to show that streaming motions—velocity offsets between the gas and dark matter components—could have produced black holes with tens of thousands of solar masses in the early universe. That's big enough to grow into the supermassive black holes that we observe today. Science, this issue p. 1375 Streaming motions can lead to the seeds of supermassive black holes in the early universe. The origin of super-massive black holes in the early universe remains poorly understood. Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is a promising initial process, but theoretical studies have difficulty growing the black hole fast enough. We report numerical simulations of early black hole formation starting from realistic cosmological conditions. Supersonic gas motions left over from the Big Bang prevent early gas cloud formation until rapid gas condensation is triggered in a protogalactic halo. A protostar is formed in the dense, turbulent gas cloud, and it grows by sporadic mass accretion until it acquires 34,000 solar masses. The massive star ends its life with a catastrophic collapse to leave a black hole—a promising seed for the formation of a monstrous black hole.