Seat belt use among 13-15 year olds in primary and secondary enforcement law states
Seat belt use among 13-15 year olds in primary and secondary enforcement law states
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2006.09.008
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Winston, Flaura K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Durbin, Dennis R.;Smith, Rebecca;Winston, Flaura K.
背景：安全带使用法律的覆盖范围和执行规定因州而异。大多数法律适用于16岁及以上的司机和乘客。“主要”执法法律允许警察拦截违反安全带法的驾车者并对其开罚单。在“二级”执法法律下，只有在存在另一项交通违法行为的情况下才能开罚单。由于青少年司机和乘客的约束使用率较低，初级执法法律对青少年乘客约束使用的影响特别令人感兴趣.Objective：To comparison restraint use by 13-15奥尔兹在机动车碰撞中使用初级与次级执法安全带法律的州。对1998年12月1日至2004年12月31日期间在16个州和华盛顿特区发生的41,198起保险车辆碰撞事故中涉及5372名儿童的3953起碰撞事故进行了横断面研究，其中54,226名儿童年龄在13-15岁之间，通过保险索赔记录和电话调查收集数据。结果：13-15奥尔兹青少年不使用约束措施的比例为7.2%（95%CI 4.3-10。次级执法州（10.8%）的比例高于主要执法州（3.6%）。在控制了驾驶员的年龄和约束状态以及乘员的座位排之后，与主要执行状态相比，13-15奥尔兹在次要执行状态下不受约束的可能性是主要执行状态的两倍以上（调整后RR = 2.2，95%CI 1.5-3。（1）结论：各国在考虑其约束法的主要执行条款时，应考虑这些法律可能对车内所有乘客，特别是接近驾驶年龄的青少年带来的潜在好处。(C)2006爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Context: Coverage and enforcement provisions of safety belt use laws vary by state. Most laws cover drivers and passengers age 16 and above. "Primary" enforcement laws allow police to stop and ticket a motorist for a safety belt law violation. With "secondary" enforcement laws, ticketing can only occur in the presence of another traffic infraction. Given the lower rates of restraint use among teen drivers and their passengers, the effect of primary enforcement laws on the restraint use of young teen passengers is of particular interest.Objective: To compare restraint use by 13-15 year olds passengers in motor vehicle crashes in states with primary versus secondary enforcement safety belt laws.Methods: Cross-sectional study of 3953 crashes involving 5372 children, representing 54,226 children aged 13-15 years in 41,198 crashes of insured vehicles in 16 states and Washington, DC between December 1, 1998 and December 31, 2004, with data collected via insurance claims records and a telephone survey.Results: Non-use of restraints by 13-15 year olds was 7.2% (95% CI 4.3-10. 1 %) greater in secondary enforcement states (10.8%) as compared to states with primary enforcement laws (3.6%). After controlling for driver's age and restraint status and the seating row of the occupant, a 13-15 year olds was over twice as likely to be unrestrained in a secondary enforcement state as compared to a primary enforcement state (adjusted RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3. 1).Conclusions: States considering primary enforcement provisions to their restraint laws should consider the potential benefits these laws may have to all occupants in the vehicle, particularly young adolescents who are nearing driving age. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.