Craniosynostosis and maternal smoking
Craniosynostosis and maternal smoking
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DOI：
10.1002/bdra.20426
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shaw, Gary M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carmichael, Suzan L.;Ma, Chen;Shaw, Gary M.
背景：先前的几项研究表明，吸烟妇女所生婴儿患颅缝早闭的风险增加。方法：这项研究使用了国家出生缺陷预防研究的数据，这是一项对1997-2003年间出生的婴儿进行的多州、基于人群的病例对照研究。从出生证明或出生医院中随机选择非畸形的活体对照。来自531名患者和5008名对照的母亲电话访谈数据可用。结果：孕期1个月内吸烟与颅缝早闭无关。怀孕后期吸烟与风险增加有关，但仅限于每天至少抽一包烟的母亲。例如，在怀孕中期，每天吸烟5支的优势比为1.0(95%可信区间[CI]0.6，1.8)，但在调整了母亲的年龄、教育程度、种族、亚生育能力、产次、叶酸补充摄入量、体重指数和研究中心后，每天吸烟15支或以上的优势比(OR)为1.6(95%CI 0.9，2.8)。在不吸烟的女性中，调整后的优势比表明，在家中接触二手烟，而不是在工作/学校接触二手烟，与风险适度增加相关；家庭暴露的OR为1.3(95%可信区间0.9，1.9)。某些(但不是全部)特定缝合类型的结果遵循类似的模式，但一些分组的数字很小。结论：研究结果表明，吸烟最重的母亲和在怀孕前三个月后继续吸烟的母亲，其颅缝闭合的风险适度增加。考虑到大多数可信区间都包含一个，结果有些模棱两可。出生缺陷研究(A部分)82：78-85,2008。(C)2007年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
BACKGROUND: Several previous studies suggested increased risk of craniosynostosis among infants born to women who smoked. METHODS: This study used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multi-state, population-based case-control study of infants delivered from 1997-2003. Nonmalformed, liveborn controls were selected randomly from birth certificates or birth hospitals. Data from maternal telephone interviews were available for 531 cases and 5008 controls. RESULTS: Smoking during the first month of pregnancy was not associated with craniosynostosis. Smoking later in pregnancy was associated with increased risk, but only among mothers who smoked at least one pack/day. For example, during the second trimester, the odds ratio for smoking < 5 cigarettes/day was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.6, 1.8), but the odds ratio (OR) for smoking 15 or more cigarettes/day was 1.6 (95% Cl 0.9, 2.8), after adjustment for maternal age, education, race-ethnicity, sub-fertility, parity, folic acid supplement intake, body mass index, and study center. Among women who did not smoke, adjusted odds ratios suggested that secondhand smoke exposure at home, but not at work/school, was associated with modestly increased risk; the OR for home exposure was 1.3 (95% Cl 0.9, 1.9). Results followed a similar pattern for some, but not all, specific suture types, but numbers for some groupings were small. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest moderately increased risk of craniosynostosis among mothers who were the heaviest smokers and who continued to smoke after the first trimester. Results are somewhat equivocal, given that most confidence intervals included one. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:78-85, 2008. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.