Structure and function of the chemical mediators of mast cells.
Structure and function of the chemical mediators of mast cells.
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肥大细胞化学介质的结构和功能。
DOI：
10.1159/000408375
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Austen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Schwartz;K. Austen
当适当的抗原与肥大细胞或嗜碱性粒细胞表面的IgE结合并交联，从而引起储存在分泌颗粒中的预形成介质的非细胞毒性释放和新形成的介质(通常是脂质)的产生时，即刻型超敏反应就开始了。这篇综述将主要局限于两个来源的肥大细胞激活所引起的介质的考虑：高度纯化的啮齿动物肥大细胞和部分纯化的人类肥大细胞，后者与人类过敏性疾病的相关性最大。由于肥大细胞在小静脉内和周围以及结缔组织的皮肤、粘膜和浆膜表面占据着前哨位置，因此在这些位置释放和产生的介质可能会在结缔组织和相应表面之间的界面上发挥大部分活性。事实上，已知发生在变态反应性疾病中的血管、胃肠道、皮肤、眼和支气管表面的病理生物学改变证实了这一预期。电子显微镜显示，肥大细胞主要由遍布细胞质的电子致密颗粒所主导。包裹在黑质周膜内的是预先形成的肥大细胞介质，它们在黑质周膜彼此融合并与质膜融合后释放到细胞外空间。啮齿动物的肥大细胞颗粒密度均匀，而人类的肥大细胞颗粒呈现独特的结晶形态，这表明在颗粒组成上存在相应的差异，可能在宿主对肥大细胞激活的反应上也存在差异。
Immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions are initiated when an appropriate antigen binds to and cross-links IgE on the surface of mast cells or basophils so as to elicit the noncytotoxic release of preformed mediators stored in secretory granules and the generation of newly formed mediators, usually lipids. This review will be restricted primarily to a consideration of mediators evoked by the activation of mast cells from two sources: highly purified rodent mast cells and partially purified human mast cells, the latter being of greatest relevance for human allergic disease. Because mast cells occupy sentinel positions in and around venules and at cutaneous, mucosal, and serosal surfaces of connective tissue, mediators released and generated at these sites may be expected to exert much of their activity at the interface between connective tissue and the corresponding surface. Indeed, the pathobiologic alterations at vascular, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, ocular, and bronchial surfaces known to occur with allergic disorders confirm this expectation.Mast cells are dominated by the presence of electron-dense granules throughout the cytoplasm as shown by electron microscopy. Enclosed within the perigranule membrane are the preformed mast cell mediators, which are released into extracellular space after fusion of perigranule membranes with one another and with the plasma membrane. Whereas rodent mast cell granules appear to be of uniform density, human mast cell granules display a unique crystalline appearance, suggesting that there are corresponding differences in granule composition and possibly in the host response to mast cell activation.