Genetic architecture and functional characterization of genes underlying the rapid diversification of male external genitalia between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana.
Genetic architecture and functional characterization of genes underlying the rapid diversification of male external genitalia between Drosophila simulans and Drosophila mauritiana.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1534/genetics.114.174045
复制
发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Nunes MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka KM;Hopfen C;Herbert MR;Schlötterer C;Stern DL;Masly JP;McGregor AP;Nunes MD
雄性的性特征往往是最早在密切相关的物种之间出现分歧的特征之一，确定这种变化的遗传基础有助于我们了解它们的进化历史。然而，人们对男性生殖器进化的遗传结构或特定基因知之甚少。毛里求斯果蝇和果蝇的抱茎器、后叶和肛板的形态存在显著差异。simulans。利用QTL和基于基因渗入的高分辨率作图，我们确定了染色体臂3L和3R上的几个小区域，这些区域有助于这些性状的差异。然而，我们发现，这两个物种之间的抱茎器的差异的演变的基础上的位点是独立的，从那些有助于后叶和肛板分歧。此外，虽然大多数的基因座影响每个性状在同一方向和行为加性，我们也发现了上位性的证据，位点之间的抱茎刚毛数。此外，我们还在D.研究位于3L染色体上的候选基因是否也参与生殖器发育。我们发现，这些基因中的六个，包括Wnt信号传导和雄性特异性致死3（msl3）的组件，调节生殖器性状的发展与它们所在的渗入区域的影响一致，因此代表了有希望的候选基因，用于这些性状的进化。
Male sexual characters are often among the first traits to diverge between closely related species and identifying the genetic basis of such changes can contribute to our understanding of their evolutionary history. However, little is known about the genetic architecture or the specific genes underlying the evolution of male genitalia. The morphology of the claspers, posterior lobes, and anal plates exhibit striking differences between Drosophila mauritiana and D. simulans. Using QTL and introgression-based high-resolution mapping, we identified several small regions on chromosome arms 3L and 3R that contribute to differences in these traits. However, we found that the loci underlying the evolution of clasper differences between these two species are independent from those that contribute to posterior lobe and anal plate divergence. Furthermore, while most of the loci affect each trait in the same direction and act additively, we also found evidence for epistasis between loci for clasper bristle number. In addition, we conducted an RNAi screen in D. melanogaster to investigate if positional and expression candidate genes located on chromosome 3L, are also involved in genital development. We found that six of these genes, including components of Wnt signaling and male-specific lethal 3 (msl3), regulate the development of genital traits consistent with the effects of the introgressed regions where they are located and that thus represent promising candidate genes for the evolution these traits.