Flood Risk: The Holistic Perspective, From Integrated to Interactive Planning for Flood Resilience
Flood Risk: The Holistic Perspective, From Integrated to Interactive Planning for Flood Resilience
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洪水风险：整体视角，从防洪综合规划到互动规划
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Z. Vojinovic
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作者：
Z. Vojinovic
根据国际灾害数据库(EM-DAT)的数据，在过去的70年里，相对于任何其他类型的灾害，洪水的增长速度最快。这些事件造成的破坏几乎每天都会发生。尽管我们应对洪灾的技术能力在同一时期迅速进步，尽管全球人均经济增长翻了一番，但洪灾事件已经变得更加灾难性。这是否意味着我们的技术发展已经独立于社会和更广泛的生态需求而进步？洪水风险：整体视角是对这个问题的直接回应，它认为这种矛盾的情况是我们对现实的狭隘和支离破碎的看法的结果，这一直是我们的学术学科和政府机构的特征。它表明，只有扩大我们的视野，了解自然或社会现象如何在一个社会或一个社会群体中引起反应，进而能够一次又一次地触发技术发展，才能找到前进的道路，在有可能通过正反馈(或共同进化)周期形成互动和关系网络的情况下才能找到前进的道路。
然而，整体视角可能会提出以下问题：如果一切都与其他一切联系在一起，我们怎么可能希望理解任何东西？我们的回应来自于复杂性理论带来的理解，即单个元素在开发和应用中共同进化。这一认识开启了一种新的分析，超越了直接关注的对象或行为者(例如风险预测、预警、土地利用规划技术和系统)，并深入到它们之间的关系。这本书建议，我们对这一挑战和许多其他挑战的最初反应是将我们的看法从纪律和防御性转变为进步性(或超越性)和跨学科，即将挑战转化为可以重塑我们未来的可能性。
这本书共分八章。第一章揭示了与洪水有关的问题的复杂性，并说明了多种观点的多样性。第二章详细阐述了与抗洪救灾过程相联系的整体思维的历史。第三章探讨超越城市洪水综合管理的整体风险治理方法。第四章介绍了绿色城市倡议，这是一项本质上是整体性的倡议，其目的是通过不同部门之间互动的整体性视角，改善交通运输、能源效率、工业新陈代谢，包括水的供应和分配以及排水和排污服务。第五章讨论了各种风险评估实践，并得出结论，任何忽略社会、伦理和更广泛的生态观点的实践，其范围和影响范围都将受到严格限制。第六章描述了菲律宾马尼拉大都会帕西格-马里基纳河流域洪水的根本原因。第七章反思2011年泰国洪灾带来的主要问题和挑战。最后，第八章介绍了北京城市雨水管理实践中的一些关键问题，中国。
本书名属于城市水文信息学系列
国际标准书号：9781780405339(电子书)
国际标准编号：9781780405322(印刷本)
According to the International Disaster Database (EM-DAT), over the last seventy years, floods have shown the fastest rate of increase relative to any other type of disasters. Devastation due to these events occurs almost daily. Even though our technological capabilities for dealing with floods have advanced rapidly over the same period, and while global economic growth per capita has doubled, flood events have become ever more disastrous. Does this mean that our technological developments have advanced independently from the social and wider ecological needs? Flood Risk: The Holistic Perspective is a direct response to this question and it argues that this paradoxical situation is a result from our narrow and fragmented perception of reality which has been characteristic of our academic disciplines and government agencies. It suggests that the way forward can be found only if we broaden our view and learn how the natural or social phenomena can provoke a response in a society, or a social group, which in turn can trigger the technical developments, and so on, again and again, in what has the potential to become a network of interactions and relationships through positive feedback (or coevolving ) cycles.
The holistic perspective however may raise the following question: If everything is connected to everything else, how can we ever hope to understand anything? Our response draws from the understandings brought by complexity theory where individual elements coevolve together both in development and application. This recognition opens a new analysis which goes beyond the direct objects or actors of concern (risk forecasting, early warning, land-use planning technology and systems for example), and into the relationships between them. The book suggests that our initial response to this and many other challenges is to change our perception from a disciplinary and defensive one to a progressive (or transcendental ) and transdiciplinary , i.e., the one that turns challenges into the possibilities that can re-shape our future.
The book is structured in eight chapters. Chapter 1 provides exposure to the complexity of flood-related issues and illustrates diversity of multiple points of view. Chapter 2 elaborates on the history of holistic thinking with connection to the flood resilience process. Chapter 3 discusses the holistic risk governance approach which progresses beyond the integrated urban flood management. Chapter 4 describes the Green Cities Initiative, an initiative which is essentially holistic in its nature as it aims to improve transport, energy efficiency, industrial metabolism including water supply and distribution as well as drainage and sewerage services through the holistic lens of interactions between different sectors. Chapter 5 discusses various risk assessment practices and it concludes that any practice that omits social, ethical and wider ecological points of view will be severely restricted in its scope and its reach. Chapter 6 describes the root causes of floods in the Pasig-Marikina River Basin in Metro Manila, Philippines. Chapter 7 reflects upon the key issues and challenges from 2011 Thailand floods. Finally, Chapter 8 presents some of the key aspects concerning urban stormwater management practice in Beijing, China.
This title belongs to Urban Hydroinformatics Series
ISBN: 9781780405339 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781780405322 (Print)