Process industries versus discrete processing: how system characteristics affect operator tasks
Process industries versus discrete processing: how system characteristics affect operator tasks
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DOI：
10.1007/s10111-018-0511-1
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Romy Müller;Lukas Oehm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Romy Müller;Lukas Oehm
尽管自动化水平不断提高，但人类操作员仍然在工业生产中发挥着核心作用。他们需要监控和调整工厂运行，补偿过程偏差，并在自动化无法处理但需要诊断和自适应干预的异常情况下进行干预。在文献回顾的基础上，本文提出了一个跨领域的比较操作员的任务和相关的知识和信息需求的过程控制在流程工业和离散处理。虽然过程工业的特点是在物理或化学过程中对均匀的、不成形的材料进行转化，但离散加工涉及消费品大规模生产中的所有后续步骤。有人认为，运营商在这些领域的作用有很大的不同。首先，我们比较技术系统的特性，包括复杂的相互作用、生产过程、材料和产品、故障和异常情况以及操作人员可用的信息。其次，我们描述了这些技术系统的特点是如何奠定基础的相似性和差异的操作员的角色，专注于资格和培训，日常任务的特点，处理异常情况，以及相关的挑战，操作员。我们讨论了运营商授权和运营商支持的援助系统的影响。
Despite an increasing level of automation, human operators still play a central role in industrial production. They need to monitor and adjust plant operations, compensate for process deviations, and step in when abnormal situations cannot be handled by the automation but require diagnosis and adaptive intervention. Based on a literature review, the article presents a cross-domain comparison of operator tasks and the associated knowledge and information requirements for process control in the process industries and discrete processing. While the process industries are characterized by a transformation of uniform, shapeless materials in physical or chemical processes, discrete processing is concerned with all subsequent steps in the mass production of consumer goods. It is argued that operator roles in these domains differ considerably. First, we compare technical system characteristics with regard to complex interactions, production processes, materials and products, faults and abnormal situations, and the information available to operators. Second, we describe how these technical system characteristics lay the foundation for similarities and differences in operator roles, focusing on qualification and training, routine task characteristics, dealing with abnormal situations, and the associated challenges for operators. We discuss implications for operator empowerment and operator support by assistance systems.