Conservation in a cup of water: estimating biodiversity and population abundance from environmental DNA.
Conservation in a cup of water: estimating biodiversity and population abundance from environmental DNA.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05600.x
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Pfrender ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lodge DM;Turner CR;Jerde CL;Barnes MA;Chadderton L;Egan SP;Feder JL;Mahon AR;Pfrender ME
物种和生态系统管理通常遵循三条箴言：（i）防止有害物种入侵，“早期发现和快速反应”;（ii）保护濒危本地物种，“保护生物多样性热点”;（iii）评估生物安全风险，“一盎司预防等于一磅治疗”。然而，当传统的取样工具（例如网、陷阱、电捕鱼、目视调查）的探测极限差、速度太慢或不可行时，这些和其他管理目标就难以实现。一个有远见的解决方案是使用环境中的生物体DNA（eDNA），而不是生物体本身作为检测目标。在这一期的《分子生态学》杂志上，Eschersen等人（2012）提供了新的证据，证明了这种方法的可行性，表明eDNA是一种准确的指标，可以表明在广泛的淡水栖息地中存在着令人印象深刻的六种水生或两栖类群，包括无脊椎动物、两栖动物、鱼类和哺乳动物。他们也是第一个证明通过qPCR测量的eDNA丰度与传统工具估计的人口丰度呈正相关的人。最后，Rewsen等人（2012）证明，下一代eDNA测序可以量化物种丰富度。总体而言，Rewsen等人（2012年）为使用eDNA检测物种、估计相对丰度和量化生物多样性提供了革命性的路线图。
Three mantras often guide species and ecosystem management: (i) for preventing invasions by harmful species, ‘early detection and rapid response’; (ii) for conserving imperilled native species, ‘protection of biodiversity hotspots’; and (iii) for assessing biosecurity risk, ‘an ounce of prevention equals a pound of cure.’ However, these and other management goals are elusive when traditional sampling tools (e.g. netting, traps, electrofishing, visual surveys) have poor detection limits, are too slow or are not feasible. One visionary solution is to use an organism’s DNA in the environment (eDNA), rather than the organism itself, as the target of detection. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Thomsen et al. (2012) provide new evidence demonstrating the feasibility of this approach, showing that eDNA is an accurate indicator of the presence of an impressively diverse set of six aquatic or amphibious taxa including invertebrates, amphibians, a fish and a mammal in a wide range of freshwater habitats. They are also the first to demonstrate that the abundance of eDNA, as measured by qPCR, correlates positively with population abundance estimated with traditional tools. Finally, Thomsen et al. (2012) demonstrate that next-generation sequencing of eDNA can quantify species richness. Overall, Thomsen et al. (2012) provide a revolutionary roadmap for using eDNA for detection of species, estimates of relative abundance and quantification of biodiversity.