Editorial: Shedding Light on the Early Neurobiological Roots of Infant Temperament and Risk for Anxiety.
Editorial: Shedding Light on the Early Neurobiological Roots of Infant Temperament and Risk for Anxiety.
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社论：揭示婴儿气质和焦虑风险的早期神经生物学根源。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2021.03.008
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Gaffrey,MichaelS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaffrey,MichaelS
气质是指早期出现的情绪反应和调节的变化，在时间和环境中表现出适度的稳定性。早期气质的某些特征与后来出现的儿童精神障碍之间的联系已经得到了很好的建立。例如，在童年早期，当新奇事物出现时，情绪倾向于经历更多的负面影响，这与后来的焦虑症有关。[1]旨在理解气质和精神病理学之间的机制联系的研究不断积累，表明至少对于大多数疾病来说，这两种结构不能被简单地视为沿着一个共同的连续体的不同点。也就是说，气质作为精神病理学的一个危险因素，已经被认为取决于许多其他内部和外部因素，这些因素可能至少部分地通过塑造大脑发育的早期过程来发挥它们的影响。[3]然而，直到最近，由于在这个高度敏感的发育时期使用神经成像技术（如功能性磁共振成像）的实践和技术挑战，气质的早期特征与大脑发育之间的关联仍然相对不足。然而，随着这些领域的进步，早期的功能性磁共振成像证据开始为这些关系提供一个令人兴奋的新窗口。
Temperament refers to early-appearing variations in emotional reactivity and regulation that show moderate stability across time and settings. The association of some features of early temperament with later emerging childhood psychiatric disorders has been well established. For example, a temperamental predisposition toward experiencing increased negative affect in the presence of novelty during early childhood has been linked to later anxiety disorders. 1 Accumulating research directed at understanding the mechanistic links between temperament and psychopathology indicates that, at least for most disorders, the 2 constructs cannot be viewed as simply different points along a shared continuum. That is, temperament as a risk factor for psychopathology has been suggested to depend on a number of other internal as well as external factors, 2 and these factors likely exert their influence at least in part by shaping the early course of brain development. 3 However, until recently, the associations between very early features of temperament and brain development have remained relatively understudied owing to the practical and technical challenges of using neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging during this highly sensitive developmental period. Nevertheless, with advances in each of these areas, early functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence is beginning to provide an exciting new window into these relationships.