Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains.
Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains.
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作者：
Chaverri P;Branco-Rocha F;Jaklitsch W;Gazis R;Degenkolb T;Samuels GJ
哈茨木霉(Trichoderma Harzianum)是一种世界性的、无处不在的物种，与各种底物有关。这可能是涉及木霉菌的农业应用中最常用的名称，包括植物疾病的生物防治。虽然各种研究都表明哈茨木霉是一个物种复合体，但只有几个神秘的物种被命名。在本研究中，哈茨木霉种复合体的分类被修订为至少包括14种。该复合体以前命名的物种包括：吉州盾叶蜂、哈茨木霉和海南木霉。提出了两个新的组合：扁穗金龟子T.lentiforme和金针菇T.lixii。描述了9个新种，即阿法拉辛、阿弗罗哈兹、阿托布伦姆、Camerunense、内生、新热带、金字塔、里氏和西蒙斯。我们从四种据报道含有哈茨木霉的商品化生防产品中分离出木霉菌。生防菌均未鉴定为哈茨木霉S菌株。此外，还确定了应用较广的哈茨木霉T22为哈茨木霉。哈茨木霉复合体中的一些物种似乎完全是内生的，而另一些物种只从土壤中分离出来。性生活状态很少见。文中提供了描述和插图。需要一个二级条形码，NUC翻译延伸因子1-α(TEF1)来鉴定这个复合体中的物种。
Trichoderma harzianum is known as a cosmopolitan, ubiquitous species associated with a wide variety of substrates. It is possibly the most commonly used name in agricultural applications involving Trichoderma, including biological control of plant diseases. While various studies have suggested that T. harzianum is a species complex, only a few cryptic species are named. In the present study the taxonomy of the T. harzianum species complex is revised to include at least 14 species. Previously named species included in the complex are T. guizhouense, T. harzianum, and T. inhamatum. Two new combinations are proposed, T. lentiforme and T. lixii. Nine species are described as new, T. afarasin, T. afroharzianum, T. atrobrunneum, T. camerunense, T. endophyticum, T. neotropicale, T. pyramidale, T. rifaii and T. simmonsii. We isolated Trichoderma cultures from four commercial biocontrol products reported to contain T. harzianum. None of the biocontrol strains were identified as T. harzianum s. str. In addition, the widely applied culture ‘T. harzianum T22’ was determined to be T. afroharzianum. Some species in the T. harzianum complex appear to be exclusively endophytic, while others were only isolated from soil. Sexual states are rare. Descriptions and illustrations are provided. A secondary barcode, nuc translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) is needed to identify species in this complex.